Toxins toxicology

Nakagawa H, Tanigawa T, Tomita K, Journal of Toxicology-toxin Reviews 22(4) 633-649, 2003. 

Magazanik, L. G. (1996). Spider neurotoxins as tools for the investigation of glutamate receptors. Journal of Toxicology, Toxin Reviews 15 59-76. 

Noguchi T and Ebesu JSM (2001) Puffer poisoning Epidemiology and treatment. Journal of Toxicology Toxin Reviews 20 1-10. 

Mirocha CJ. Hazards of scientific investigation Analysis of samples implicated in biological warfare. Journal of Toxicology-Toxin Reviews. 1982 1 (1) 199 203. 

A super list of world-wide sources of information about drugs, pesticides, environmental pollutants and other potential toxins. Ties into ASDTR, EPA, the National Toxicology Program Carcinogen List (NTPA), and other governmental... 

Considerable studies are required to establish the toxicological profile of the drug substance. These must assess its direct toxic effects, together with its potential as a reproductive toxin, mutagen, or carcinogen. 

Even though environmental toxicology could have profound effects on the HS response, there are other considerations where manipulation of the HS response could be beneficial. For example, constitutive induction of the HS response in bacteria could be a potential means to develop super-microbes which could withstand harsh environments while engaging in their genetically-designed function such as scouring oil spills and enzymatically converting toxins into harmless substances. 

Three classes of polyethers, okadaic acid derivatives, pectenotoxins, and yessotoxin were isolated from bivalves in connection with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The etiology of the toxins, toxicological properties, and determination methods are described. 

Protozoa and Porifera. The pharmacology and toxicology of the dinoflagellate toxins which act upon the voltage- and time-dependent sodium channel found in nerves of vertebrates and invertebrates, and the skeletal muscle of vertebrates, are discussed in other chapters in this volume. 

Identification of Toxic Species. In trying to identify toxic species suitable for further studies, careful consideration should be given to zoology and, where applicable, clinical toxicology. Zoological knowledge allows the identification of the species which use toxins for purposes of offence and/or defense. For example, observations of carnivorous fish showed that many appear able to identify toxic species and avoid... 

Screening Techniques for Detecting Toxicity. Simple toxicity screening techniques are necessary to identify toxic species and to monitor the efficacy of isolation and purification procedures used to purify toxins. Atterwill and Steele 108) have recently comprehensively reviewed in vitro methods for toxicology and so much of the following is in the nature of a general overview. 

In Section 24.3, use of electrosorption for effluent purification was mentioned. The same principle of an electrochemically controlled hemosorption (sorptive blood purification) is used in modem toxicology to extract toxins from blood. By appropriate potential control of the carbon sorbent, particular toxins can be removed selectively without traumatizing the blood, that is, without removing essential blood components such as the thrombocytes. 

Grant WM. 1986. Toxicology of the eye. In Encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, plants, toxins, and venoms. Springfield, IL Charles C. Thomas, 495-497. 

Data from Parkinson, A. and S. Safe. 1987. Mammalian biologic and toxic effects of PCBs. Pages 49-75 in S. Safe (ed.). Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Mammalian and Environmental Toxicology. Environ. Toxin Ser. 1. Springer-Verlag, New York. 

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