Pharmacology and Toxicology of Diarrheic Shellfish Toxins

2 Inhibition of Serine/Threonine Protein Phosphatases by DSP Toxins. 231 

2 Control of Cell Cycle, Cell Proliferation, and Differentiation. 235 

The main symptom of DSP, after which the poisoning is named, is represented by diarrhea, often associated with other gastrointestinal distresses such as nausea, vomiting and abdominal cramps. Usually, these symptoms occm within 30 min to a few hours after contaminated shellfish consumption. In general, no hospitalization of the patients is necessary and, usually, there is a complete recovery within 3 days without any pharmacological treatment. In fact, no specific antidote is available for diarrheic toxins, to date. The treatment, if necessary, is only supportive to replace fluid and electrolyte losses. Although no lethality is attributed to the diarrheic episodes, they represent a worldwide problem to both public health and bivalve production and marketing.  

Seafood and Freshwater Toxins Pharmacology, Physiology, and Detection 

Other toxins of this group are dinophysistoxins (DTXs), namely dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1, 

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