Toxicology of vanadium

Waters MD. 1977. Toxicology of vanadium. In Goyer R.A., Melhman M.A., ed. Toxicology of trace elements. Advances in modern toxicology. Vol. 2, New York Halsted Press, 147-189. 

Domingo JL, Gomez M, Sanchez DJ, Llobet JM, Keen CL. 1995. Toxicology of vanadium compounds in diabetic rats the action of chelating agents on vanadium accumulation. Mol Cell Biochem 153 233—240. 

National Toxicology Program NTP Technical Report on the Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Vanadium Pentoxide (CAS No. 1314-62-1) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Inhalation Studies). NTP TR 507, NIH Pub No 03-4441. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, 2002... 

Vouk, V. B. Vanadium in Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals (eds.) Frieberg, L., Nordberg, G. F., Vouk, V. B., p 659, Amsterdam-New York-Oxford, Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, 1979... 

Section 104(i)(5) of CERCLA as amended directs the Administrator of ATSDR (in consultation with the Administrator of ERA and agencies and programs of the Public Health Service) to assess whether adequate information on the health effects of vanadium is available. Where adequate information is not available, ATSDR, in conjunction with the National Toxicology Program (NTP), is required to assure the initiation of a program of research designed to determine the health effects (and techniques for developing methods to determine such health effects) of vanadium. 

Comstock EG. 1980. Current literature on medical toxicology and a bibliography of vanadium. Clin Toxicol 16 541-548. 

Paul KR, Gupta VK. 1982. Toxicology, solvent extraction and spectrophotometric determination of vanadium in complex materials. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 43 529-532. 

VoukVB. 1979. Vanadium. In Friberg L., Nordberg G.R., VoukV.B., ed. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals. New York Elsevier North Holland, 659-674. 

In this chapter, medicinal aspects of vanadium compounds acting on the cellular/molecular level (Section 5.1) and the interaction of vanadium with proteins (including, to some extent, interferences with protein substrates and DNA Section 5.2) will be covered. Since beneficial and adverse effects can go hand and hand, or are dose dependent and/or controlled by a multitude of influential factors, this coverage also considers aspects directed towards absorption, distribution and the toxic implications of vanadium, some of which have already been addressed briefly in the Introduction. A comprehensive treatise on nutritional, environmental and toxicological aspects is beyond the scope of this book. The interested reader is referred to review articles in books and journals mentioned and recommended in the section Further Reading at the end of Chapter 1. 

LiobetJM Colomina MT, SirventJJ, Domingo JL and Corbella J (1993) Reproductive toxicity evaluation of vanadium in nude mice. Toxicology 80 199-206. 

WiUsky GR, Goldfine AB, Kost5miak PJ. 1998. Pharmacology and toxicology of oxovanadium species oxovanadium pharmacology. In Vanadium compounds biochemistry, chemistry and therapeutic applications, pp. 278—296. Ed AS Tracey, DC Crans. Oxford Oxford University Press. 

Cortizo, A.M., Bruzzone, L., Molinuevo, S., and Etcheverry, S.B. 2000. A possible role of oxidative stress in the vanadium-induced cytotoxicity in the MC3T3E1 osteoblast and UMR106 osteosarcoma cell lines. Toxicology 147, 89-99. 

Mukherjee B, Patra B, Mahapatra S, et al. (2004) Vanadium - An element of atypical biological significance. Toxicology Letters 150 135-143. 

Lee, K., X. Shen and R. Konig. Effects of cadmium and vanadium ions on antigen-induced signaling in CD4(+) T cells. Toxicology 169 53 -65, 2001. 

An acute-duration oral MRL was not derived for vanadium because of a lack of quantitative exposure data. One acute-duration oral study reported an increase in facial and dorsal hemorrhages in rats exposed to sodium metavanadate, but these developmental effects were not dose related (Paternain et al. 1987), and the toxicological significance of this finding is unknown. 

Mountain JT, Delker LL, Stokinger HE. 1953. Studies in vanadium toxicology Reduction in the cystine content of rat hair. Arch Ind Hyg Occup Med 8 406-411. 

Mountain JT, Stockell FR, Stokinger HE. 1955. Studies in vanadium toxicology III. Fingernail cystine as an early indicator of metabolic changes in vanadium workers. Ama Arch. Ind. Health 12 494- 502. 

Mousty F, Omenetto N, Pietra R, et al. 1984. Atomic-absorption spectrometric, neutron-activation and radioanalytical techniques for the determination of trace metals in environmental, biochemical and toxicological research. Part I. Vanadium. Analyst 109 1451-1454. 

Oberg SG, Parker R DR, Sharma RP. 1978. Distribution and elimination of an intratracheally administered vanadium compound in the rat. Toxicology 11 315-323. 

The chapters in Part II are also written by scientists with a broad practical experience. They contain detailed information for the analysis in biological specimens of the thirteen trace elements that are most important for toxicological, epidemiological and environmental studies Aluminium, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, selenium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc. 

The type of toxicity most often associated with oral vanadium treatment is gastrointestinal, indicated by diarrhea and subsequent dehydration. It has been suggested that vanadate is perhaps not as well tolerated as vanadyl however, differences may be slight. The group of Domingo and colleagues has conducted a number of studies which showed an unfavorable toxicological... 

The importance of toxic elements in environmental chemistry is rarely questioned, but a relatively small number of elements (mercury, lead, and cadmium) have received a large share of researchers attention. The environmental chemistry of the transition metals, e.g., chromium, nickel, manganese, cobalt, copper, etc., has also been investigated principally because of their roles in metabolism, especially enzymatic processes. However, two non-metals, arsenic and selenium, and two metals, beryllium and vanadium, are elements which will become more significant in the future from environmental and toxicological points of view. Arsenic and selenium have been investigated, but much more work is needed because of the importance of these two elements in the environment. The author considers beryllium and vanadium to be problem metals of the future . The primary exposure route for both beryllium and vanadium is via the atmosphere and as lower environmental standards are imposed, more uses are found for each element, and more fossil fuels (source of V) are burned, the amounts added to the atmosphere will have more significance. 

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