Toxicological hazard profile

The risk assessment process involves describing the toxicological hazard profile of a chemical substance, using qualitative and quantitative data, and coupling this to an estimate of exposure to assess any risk. Consequently, the information that is required on packaging chemicals comprises (a) toxicity data and, (b) exposure data. 

Freitag, D., Lay, J.P. Korte, F. (1984) Environmental hazard profile-test results as related to structures and translation into the environment. In QSAR in Environmental Toxicology, Kaiser, K.L.E., Ed., D. Reidel Publ. Co., Dordrecht, Netherlands. 

The hazard assessments for SCCPs and MCCPs have shown that these structurally very similar substances also have very similar hazard profiles. Both substances have a similar potency (i.e. NOAELs of the same order of magnitude) (see EU RARs on SCCPs and MCCPs) target organs in mammals include the liver, kidney and thyroid. Reth et al. [52] have measured MCCPs in two arctic bird species at concentrations somewhat exceeding the ones of SCCPs. As noted in Annex E, the risk profile can include consideration of toxicological interactions involving multiple chemicals , which in this case would be to consider the combined risk from exposure to both SCCPs and MCCPs. Therefore, the present risk profile could underestimate the risks from SCCPs in the presence of MCCPs. 

In previous publications. Ecological and Toxicological Association of Dyes and Organic Pigments Manufacturers (ETAD) has addressed the importance of workplace risk reduction by evaluating carefully human health hazard and occupational exposure [2-4]. This chapter addresses the environmental exposure assessment as a complementary information to data on ecotoxicological hazard profiles of colorants. 

The toxicological profiles are developed in response to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 (Public law 99-499) which amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund). This public law directed ATSDR to prepared toxicological profiles for hazardous substances most commonly found at facilities on the CERCLA National Priorities List and that pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the EPA. The availability of the revised priority list of 275 hazardous substances was announced in the Federal Register on November 17, 1997 (62 FR 61332). For prior versions of the list of substances, see Federal RegisternoiiCQS dated April 29, 1996 (61 FR 18744) April 17, 1987 (52 FR 12866) October 20, 1988 (53 FR 41280) October 26, 1989 (54 FR 43619) October 17, 1990 (55 FR 42067) October 17, 1991 (56 FR 52166) October 28, 1992 (57 FR 48801) and February 28, 1994 (59 FR 9486). Section 104(i)(3) of CERCLA, as amended, directs the Administrator of ATSDR to prepare a toxicological profile for each substance on the list. 

Toxicological Profiles are a unique compilation of toxicological information on a given hazardous substance. Each profile reflects a comprehensive and extensive evaluation, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic and epidemiologic information on a substance. Health care providers treating patients potentially exposed to hazardous substances will find the following information helpful for fast answers to often-asked questions. 

The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Aet (CERCLA) [42 U.S.C. 9601 et seq ], as amended by the Superflind Amendments and Reauthorization Aet (SARA) [Pub. L. 99-499], requires that the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) develop jointly with the US. Enviromnental Protection Agency (EPA), in order of priority, a list of hazardous substances most commonly found at facilities on the CERCLA National Priorities List (NPL) prepare toxicological profiles for each substance included on the priority list of hazardous substances and assure the initiation of a research program to fill identified data needs associated with the substances. 

The ATSDR toxicological profile succinctly characterizes the toxicologic and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance described therein. Each peer-reviewed profile identifies and reviews the key literature that describes a hazardous substance s toxicologic properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented, but is described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. 

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