Toxicogenomics Associations

Minimum Information About a Microarray Experiment (MIAME) for Toxicogenomics, European Bioinformatics Institute, National Center for Toxicogenomics, International 

Life Sciences Institute. URL http //www.mged.org/workgroups/ rsbi/MIAME-Tox checklist.doc. Guide for authors, journal editors and referees to help ensure that microarray data supporting published results are made publicly available in a format that enables rmambiguous interpretation of the data and potential verification of the conclusions. 

National Center for Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS). URL http //www. niehs.nih.gov/nct/home.htm. Gene and protein expression, biomarkers, and relationships between environmental exposures and disease susceptibility. 

National Center for Toxicological Research (NCTR), FDA. 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR 72079, U.S.A. URL http //www.fda. gov/nctr/index.html. Mission Statement includes fundamental and applied research specifically designed to define biological mechanisms of action underlying the toxicity of products regulated by the FDA. Covers food safety, bioterrorism, biotechnology, information technology, fundamental and applied research, premarket activities, antimicrobial resistance, and HIV/AIDS. 

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Lucas, R. M. and McMichael, A. J. 2005. Association or causation evaluating hnks between environment and disease. Bull. WHO 83 792-795. http //www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/83/10/792.pdf NCT. 2007. The National Center for Toxicogenomics (NCT) website. http /www.niehs.nih.gov/nct/office.htm OECD. 2002. 3.3 Guidance for the use of structure-activity relationships (SARs) in the HPV chemicals programme. In Manual for Investigation of HPV Chemicals. Paris OECD. http /www.oecd. org/dataoecd/60/24/1947517.pdf... 

Pennie, W.D. and Kimber, 1. (2002) Toxicogenomics transcript profiling and potential application to chemical allergy. Toxicology In Vitro An International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA, 16, 319-326. 

Toxicogenomic approaches may be used to characterize molecular impacts on a global scale across a variety of conditions, including dose and time-dependent effects. In a dose-dependent manner, mouse embryos exposed in utero to heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium (Cd), and methylmercury) show alterations on the gene level in association with increased developmental effects, including... 

Additional studies have examined time-dependent molecular events associated with developmental toxicity in mouse embryos (102-104) and differentiating cardiomyocytes from embryonic stem cells (105). These initial time-response studies show the power and sensitivity of toxicogenomic assessments to characterize the timing of molecular changes that associate with developmental toxicity outcomes. 

Using the toxicogenomic techniques described, some significant data have been obtained but to determine the functional significance of these data, additional studies need to be done. Use of these new technologies and their specificity and sensitivity to assess nephrotoxicity remains controversial, but in the future they may allow the identification of useful biomarkers that would be predictive of future responses to toxicant insults and the region of the kidney affected. Identification of specific biomarkers associated with the future development of loss of kidney function, fibrosis, or recovery would be useful in the rapid evaluation of potentially nephrotoxic agents. 

The underlying premise of toxicogenomics is that toxicity is associated with changes in the global gene expression. Since toxicity by itself is resultant due to some form of cellular dysfunction or cell death, it will either be preceded or followed by some level of... 

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