Toxicity increases

Reproductive Toxicity. Increased miscarriages were reported in one study of nurse-anesthetists exposed to trichloroethylene and other solvents (Corbett et al. 1974). A retrospective case-control study has should an approximate 3-fold increase in spontaneous abortion in women exposed to trichloroethylene and other solvents (Windham et al. 1991). Significant effects on sperm parameters were not observed in men occupationally exposed to trichloroethylene (Rasmussen et al. 1988). Adverse reproductive effects were not noted in humans that ingested water contaminated with trichloroethylene and other solvents (Byers et al. 

Blaha L, J Klanova, P Klan, J Janosek, M Skarek, R Ruzicka (2004) Toxicity increases in ice containing mono-chlorophenols upon photolysis environmental consequences. Environ Sci Technol 38 2873-2878. 

Trimetrexate -antifolate antimetabolite -bone marrow suppression -mucocutaneous effects (mucositis, stomatitis) -nausea and vomiting -fever -maculopapular rash—usually self-limited -anorexia, malaise -above toxicities increased in patient with hypoalbuminemia (<3.5)... 

LC50 g SamDle Toxicity Ranking Samole (Toxicity Increases Upwards) f In vag... 

The most toxic organoleads are the trialkylleads, whose toxicity increases with alkyl chain length. Tetraalkylleads themselves are completely nontoxic and their apparent toxicity is due to their trialkyllead breakdown products136. 

All insecticides affected the mobility of . riparius larvae in a similar manner. A normal swimming motion was generally reduced to 1 cycle at the onset of toxic symptoms. The effect of the toxicant increased until the larva lost all ability to move. Death soon followed. Similar symptoms of insecticide poisoning have been reported for stonefly naiads (13, 14). Changes in larval color were unreliable for determining toxic affect. Toxic symptoms were observed in approximately 50-75% of the midge larvae immersed in 20 ug/L aldrin at the end of the 2 hr exposure but no effects were noted with aldrin plus PBO. All larvae immersed in dieldrin, or dieldrin with PBO were moribund. 

Table 2 shows the results obtained for four-hour and 24-hour exposure to AmB. LC-AmB had an IC50 above lOOmg/L after 24-hour exposure. This indicates that it has very low toxicity, comparable to the commercial formulation AmBisome (9). The toxicity increased with the time of exposure for all formulations (after a 48-hour exposure, the IC50 of LC-AmB was 86mg/L, data not shown). Very similar results were obtained in the presence of polymyxin B, eliminating the possibility that the toxicity was due to the contamination of the formulations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (22). 

Data regarding changes in white blood cell counts were found however, it cannot be determined whether these changes indicate hematological or immunological toxicity. Increases in leukocyte counts from acute ingestion of kerosene (Dudin et al. 1991 Majeed et al. 1981 Nouri and Al-Rahim 1970) have been... 

Fractionation of radiation therapy effects dose. Conventional fractionation consists of five 2 Gy fractions per week, which allows up to 70 Gy to be delivered to a limited mediastinal volume. Pignon et al. performed a meta-analysis, and included 13 randomized trials (24). The fractionation dose varied between 2 and 4 Gy. The analysis revealed that as the fraction got larger the toxicities increased (24). 

Embryo medium is highly aqueous, and the potential for developmental toxicity increases when significant concentrations of solvents are added. Consequently, one of the greatest limitations of any zebrafish embryo assay is the need for adequate aqueous solubility of the test substance. Solubility in embryo medium with the intended vehicle should be tested over the desired concentration range prior to initiation of an embryo assay. An assay plate can be filled with embryo medium with the test substance concentrations to be evaluated, heated to 28.5°C, and viewed with a stereomicroscope in order to detect precipitation. 

Oral contraceptives Inhibition of metabolism at CYP2D6 isoenzyme Possible TCA toxicity increased amount of active TCA varies can be up to 30% Lower TCA dose D Arcy, 1986... 

As was pointed out by Bell and Norem (2) and Crafts and Reiber (4), toxicity increases with the addition of side chains on the benzene nucleus. This increase in toxicity, however, may be due to changes in physical properties—e.g., decreased volatility— rather than direct chemical effect. The data in Figure 1 suggests a tempering effect from side chains on the benzene ring. For example, isopropylbenzene, diethylbenzene, and triethylbenzene appear to be less toxic than aromatics which have similar boiling points but shorter or no side chains. 

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