Oxidative damage, chromium toxicity

Genotoxic and mutagenic effects DNA damage in vitro, DNA oxidative damage from the urinary samples of the patient who ingested 2-3 g of potassium dichromate in a suicide attempt, the oxidative damage pathway in the mechanism of toxicity of chromium in occupationally exposed individuals... 

Chromate(VI)-based pre-treatments have historically been used to protect aluminium alloys. When the Cr(VI) species comes into contact with an aluminium substrate, a complex chromium oxide film is formed which provides excellent corrosion protection. Unfortunately, due to their toxicity and adverse environmental impact, these types of pre-treatment will be banned within Europe and North America. Many reports have shown that chromium(VI) is a carcinogen, and can cause kidney and liver damage, and even death [2,3]. Henee, there is an urgent need to provide corrosion protection systems for aluminium, and other active systems, that are accepted as being environmentally-compliant . 

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