Total amine

Apparent equivalent weight can be deterrnined by titration with hydrochloric acid using a bromocresol green indicator. Calculations give the equivalent weight of total amines and are not specific for the mono-, di- or tri alkan olamines. 

To analy2e fatty amines, both wet and instmmental methods of analysis are used. Wet methods routinely used are total amine value (ASTM Method D2073) combining weight or neutralization equivalent primary, secondary, and tertiary amine content (ASTM Method D2083) moisture, Kad-Fischer (ASTM Method D2072) and iodine value, measure of unsaturation (ASTM Method D2075). These provide important information on physical and chemical characteristics of the amine products used in various appHcation areas (8,76,81). In addition to the ASTM methods available, the American Oil Chemists Society has developed methods of analysis for fatty amines (82). 

The pure salt (mol. wt. 271)15 dissolved in four parts of water the amine is liberated with an excess of 20-25 per cent sodium hydroxide solution, extracted with benzene, and purified as described for the c/-amine. The constants agree closely with those given for the d-amine, and the jdeld is 32-42 g. (94-96 per cent of the theoretical amount based on the pure tartrate or 53-70 per cent based on the total /-amine originally present). 

Volatility This denotes how much of the total amine supplied will be present in the steam and thus available to neutralize the carbon dioxide (also in the steam). In water, a portion of the total amine hydrolyzes to form an ammonium ion and a hydroxyl ion (the dissociation reaction) the balance of the amine (the free-amine portion) is volatile. Clearly, it is important to know the size of this volatile fraction, which depends on the particular amine selected and the pH of the system. In turn, the pH depends on the concentration of total amine originally present so that, the higher the pH, the greater the volatile fraction. 

Relative volatility This term expresses the tendency of an amine to vaporize, relative to water under the same conditions. It is, again, pH-dependent and a function of total amine concentration. 

The ninhydrin assay clearly shows that only a fraction of the total amines react with ninhydrin, suggesting that most of the amines are either protonated (and therefore... 

Reaction time determined by hydrogen nptake measnrements TAV = total amine value made by the titration of amines to give nitrile conversion ° 2/3 A = the percentage of 2° and 3° amines This catalyst was modified with 1.33 mmol H2CO at rt for 1 h... 

Dangerous materials other than PAHs, such as polychlorinated bi- and ter-phenols, polychlorinated dioxins and polychlorinated hydrofurans were not found in carbon blacks. Nitrosamines could not be detected in carbon black, but they may be formed in rubber compounds, if rubber chemicals containing secondary amines are used. The total amine content of carbon black is less than 0.01 % and the aromatic amine content is therefore less than this. No heavy metal is present in amounts above 0.002 %. Carbon blacks therefore conform to all known regulations that limit these impurities. 

The effect of adding Ca or Mn to CuCr/A Oj (TiC ) catalysts presented in Table 2 demonstrate that i) the selectivity in N-dimethyldodecylamine is much enhanced, the effect being rather more significant with alumina than with a titania support ii) the total amine selectivity is particularly high, above 98% instead of 80% without promoter. 

Non-Aqueous Tltrimetry. A procedure for determining total amination is reported by MacDougall and Boyles (Ref 31 b). The procedure includes a digestion of the TATB in 0.1N perchloric acid-acetic acid soln, followed by titrimetric analysis. An excess of basic K acid phthalate is added and then back-titrated with the perchloric—acetic acid soln to a crystal violet end pt. The method requires a sample oontg 86mgs of TATB ( v l meq), and the digestion of the TATB requires 48 hrs. The authors estimate that 18 samples can be titrated in an 8-hr day. They conclude that the method is stoichiometric and that the relative std deviation is 0.1% for 1 meq amounts of TATB. Also, an IR scan is reported and presented as Fig 5... 

Sample TEOS P-CDAPS SDS fp (nm) Total amines (mmol/g) Accessible amines (mmol/g) P-CD (mmol/g) Pb + (pmol/g) p-NP (pmol/g)... 

When the hybrid materials are synthesized in the presence of SDS, they possess lower pore sizes, dne to the formation of SDS micelles. In these materials, a greater amonnt of P-CD groups has been incorporated (not necessarily all accessible) than in materials without template. However, the amount of accessible amino groups is lower and very similar for TbS2 and TbS3, although total amines are different. A plateau seems to be reached at around O.Smmol/g of accessible amino groups. 

Following a single oral dose of 100 mg of diphenhydramine hydrochloride to 4 subjects, peak plasma concentrations of 0.08 to 0.16 ig/ml (mean 0.11) were obtained 2 to 4 hours after administration total amine concentrations were approximately 50% higher due to the presence of N-dealkylated metabolites. After single oral doses of 100 mg to a further 4 subjects, the concentration of acidic metabolites increased over a period of 24 hours to about 2 ig/ml. After multiple oral doses of 50 mg of diphenhydramine hydrochloride four times daily to 4 subjects, maximum steady-state plasma-diphenhydramine concentrations of 0.10 to 0.27 pg/ ml were reported the maximum steady-state amine concentrations were between 0,17 and 0.37 pg/ml (A. J. Glazko et al., Clin. Pharmac. Ther., 1974,16,1066-1076). 

Total Amine Value 192 Density 77F (25C) 7.6 Ibs/gal Flash Point 490F (254C)... 

Total amine equivalents = 2 and total acid equivalents = 1.99. 

FIG. 10. lOOMHz spectrum of partly resolved a-phenylethylamine in CDCI3 (total [amine] = OT m enantiomeric ratio S/R = 0-2) in the presence of 0 05 M Euffodlj. (497)... 

A more extensive investigation of the in vitro metabolism of 2,4-DNP by rat liver homogenates found that, under optimal pH and cofactor levels, 81% of the 2,4-DNP was metabolized. 2-Amino-4-nitrophenol accounted for 75%, 4-amino-2-nitrophenol for 23%, and 2,4-diaminophenol for 1% of the total amine metabolites produced (Eiseman et al. 1972). Even under suboptimal conditions, 2-amino-4-nitrophenol was the predominant metabolite. The proposed metabolic pathway for 2,4-DNP is presented in Figure 2-2. 

G. Astarita, G. Marrucci, and F. Gioa, The Influence of Carbonation Ratio and Total Amine Concentration on Carbon Dioxide Absorption in Aqueous Monoethanol-amine Solutions, Chem. Eng. Sci., 19 95 (1964). 

Data determined for various polyethylenimine loadings are shown in Table V. As the polymer concentration was increased both picric add ionpairing capacity (IPC) and hemoglobin ionic adsorption (Hbiw) concentrations increased 40). IPC concentrations increased more rapidly than the hemoglobin adsorption data. This may reflect the fact that while the total amine sites determined by picric add may be more representative of actual sites, relative to the accessibility of larger biomolecules, this method is less informative. 

Provided the concentration of free CO 2 is less than that of free amine, the concentration of free MEA is Cbq(1 2a) and that of RjNCOO" and of R2NH2 is Cbo , where a is the number of moles of CO2 absorbed per mole of total amine and Cbo is the initial concentration of MEA. The equilibrium concentration of CO2 is then given by... 

FIGURE 28.8 The profile of electrostatic potential (in J/mol) in the surroundings of totally aminated jS-crystobalite surface face (111). 

---