Torpedos

C. H. Detding and co-workers. Insensitive Munitions Characteristics ofAirEaunched In-Service Weapons Summay Keport of Fast Cook-offTimes, Reactions and Ha iards of Bombs, Pockets, Aircraft Guns, Air EaunchedMissiles, Mines and Torpedoes, Naval Weapons Center, China Lake, Calif., Sept. 1989. 

Extmded stmctural foams are produced with conventional extmders and a speciaUy designed die. The die has an inner, fixed torpedo located at the center of its opening, which provides a hoUow extmdate. The outer layer of the extmdate cools and soHdifies to form soHd skin the remaining extmdate... 

Propellant. The catalytic decomposition of 70% hydrogen peroxide or greater proceeds rapidly and with sufficient heat release that the products are oxygen and steam (see eq. 5). The thmst developed from this reaction can be used to propel torpedoes and other small missiles (see Explosives and propellants). An even greater amount of energy is developed if the hydrogen peroxide or its decomposition products are used as an oxidant with a variety of fuels. 

The metal parts of the injection molder, ie, the liner, torpedo, and nozzle, that contact the hot molten resin must be of the noncatalytic type to prevent accelerated decomposition of the polymer. In addition, they must be resistant to corrosion by HCl. Iron, copper, and zinc are catalytic to the decomposition and caimot be used, even as components of alloys. Magnesium is noncatalytic but is subject to corrosive attack, as is chromium when used as plating. Nickel alloys such as Duranickel, HasteUoy B, and HasteUoy C are recommended as constmction materials for injection-molding metal parts. These and pure nickel are noncatalytic and corrosion-resistant however, pure nickel is rather soft and is not recommended. 

Some efforts toward sealed battery development (76) were made. However, a third electrode, an oxygen recombination electrode was required to reduce the cost of the system. High rate appHcations such as torpedo propulsion were investigated (77) and moderate success achieved using experimental nickel—zinc ceUs yielding energy densities of 35 W-h/kg at discharge rates of 8 C. A commercial nickel—zinc battery is considered to be the most likely... 

Figure 12.2 Disintegration of protective corrosion product by impacting microjet torpedo.

The earliest injection moulding machines were of the plunger type as illustrated in Fig. 4.30 and there are still many of these machines in use today. A predetermined quantity of moulding material drops from the feed hopper into the barrel. The plunger then conveys the material along the barrel where it is heated by conduction from the external heaters. The material is thus plasticised under pressure so that it may be forced through the nozzle into the mould cavity. In order to split up the mass of material in the barrel and improve the heat transfer, a torpedo is fitted in the barrel as shown. 

Example 5.2 In a plunger-type injection moulding machine the torpedo has a length of 40 mm, a diameter of 23 mm and is supported by three spiders. If, during moulding of polythene at ITO C, the plunger moves forward at a speed of 13 mm/s, estimate the pressure drop along the torpedo and the shear force on the spiders. The barrel diameter is 25 mm. 

Surface area of torpedo = nDL Viscous drag force = nDLx... 

Another incident occurred on a British submarine. At the time, small drain valves were used to check that the torpedo outer doors were... 

Gefass-versuch, m. (Affric., Bot.) pot experiment. -wand, /. wall of a (or the) ve el. Gefecht, n. fighting, fight, battle, combat. Gefechtskopf, m. war head (of a torpedo), gefedert, a. elastic, springy. 

Knallerbse, /, (Fireworks) torpedo, knallfahig, a. detonating, explosive. Knallflamme. /. oxyhydrogen flame. 

Pistole,/. pistol gun torpedo fuse. Pistolengeblaae, n, hand-operated blast, Pitehanf, Pitahanf, m. pita hemp, pita, Pitot-rohr,n, -rfihre,/., Pitotsches Rohr. Pitot tube. 

Tornister, m. knapsack, packsack, pack, torpedieren, t.i. torpedo (Peiroieum) shoot, torquieren, t.i. twist. 

By the beginning of the nineteenth centui"y, Fulton turned his attention to his obsession with submarines and steamships. He made uo secret of his goal for submarines—he intended to build them in order to destroy all ships of war so that appropriate attention could be devoted by society to the fields of education, industry and free speech. In 1801, he managed to stay under water for four hours and twenty minutes in one of his devices, and in 1805 he demonstrated the ability to utilize a torpedo to blow up a well built ship of two hundred tons. Unfortunately for Robert, neither the French nor British government was particularly impressed with the unpredictable success, nor the importance of his innovations so he packed his bags and returned to America in December of 1806. 

The Ai-mstrong company was not interested in producing the engine therefore in 1881, Parsons moved to Kitson s of Leeds who took it into production. At Kitsoii s he occupied himself with experiments in rocket powered torpedoes that, although unsuccessful, provided useful background for his next project, the steam turbine. 

Viewing things from the perspective of his physical theory of contact electricity, Volta was intrigued by the apparently endless power of the battery to keep the electric fluid in motion without the mechanical actions needed to operate the classical, friction, electrostatic machine, and the electrophorus. He called his batteiy alternately the artificial electric organ, in homage to the torpedo fish that had supplied the idea, and the electromotive apparatus, alluding to the perpetual motion (his words) of the electric fluid achieved by the machine. To explain that motion Volta relied, rather than on the concepts of energy available around 1800, on his own notion of electric tension. He occasionally defined tension as the effort each point of an electrified body makes to get rid of its electricity but above all he confidently and consistently measured it with the electrometer. 

Self-propelled torpedo invented by Robert Wliitehead (England). 

Torpedo lines shall be bright (uncoated) or drawn-galvanized, and shall be right, regular lay. The lay of the finished rope shall not exceed eight times the nominal diameter. 

Torpedo lines shall be made of five strands of five wires each, or five strands of seven wires each. The strands of the 5x5 construction shall have one center wire and four outer wires of one diameter, fabricated in one operation. The five strands shall be laid around one fiber or cotton core (see Figure 4-66). The strands of the 5x7 construction shall have one center wire and six outer wires of one diameter, fabricated in one operation. The strands shall be laid around one fiber or cotton core (see Figure 4-67). 

The nominal strength of torpedo lines shall be as specified in Tables 4-26 and 4-27. When testing finished ropes to their breaking strength, suitable sockets... 

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