Topic identifying

The U.S. issued specific distribution requirements in 1990 to complement the basic provisions established earlier in its GMPs. Although computer validation is not specifically identified as a requirement, separate electronic record/signature legislation (21 CFR Part 11) requires computer systems handling defined distribution records to be validated. Records should be sufficient to track the origin and destination of medicinal products primarily in support of possible customer returns and product recall. Key GDP topics identified in the U.S. legislation that validation should address in relation to computer systems include ... 

This is an exciting time with renewed interest in metal-air batteries due to the global concern for energy. Future work is required on the anode, electrolyte, cell design, and most importantly the air cathode with the catalyst. New catalysts are needed for both primary and secondary metal-air batteries. Fundamental studies on the catalysts and their role in the metal-air battery chemistry are needed. New catalysts are also needed to advance metal-air batteries. Below are topics identified leading to the ideal future catalysts for metal-air batteries (in alphabetical order) ... 

The symposium consisted of 32 oral presentations in 5 half-day sessions, and an evening poster session with 15 additional papers. The structure of the symposium followed from the major topics identified in the original call for... 

The initial step is to identify which database, from a few thousands worldwide (about 10 000 in 2002), provides the requested information. The next step is to determine which subsection of the topic is of interest, and to identify typical search terms or keywords (synonyms, homonyms, different languages, or abbreviations) (Table 5-1). During the search in a database, this strategy is then executed (money is charged for spending time on some chemical databases). The resulting hits may be further refined by combining keywords or database fields, respectively, with Boolean operators (Table 5-2). The final results should be saved in electronic or printed form. 

The reinaining five search topics (Research Topic, Author Name, Document Identifier, Company Namc/Organii ation, and Browse Table of Contents arc conducted in a similar fashion, with the input being the only difference between the criteria. Thus, in Research Topic" the entry can be any, or even several, keywords or phrases. In "Author Name", literature written by a specific author will be Found, including alternative spelling, Document Identifier" can also be entered directly in the query. Document identifiers arc CA abstract numbers, patent numbers, patent application numbers, or priority application numbers. The last two search topics (Company Name/Organi2ation, and Browse Table ofContents) allow one to search for literature from specific companies or to view the list of journals which are available in the database. 

A trained gemologist, taught by the Gemological Institute of America of Santa Monica, Cahf., and New York, the Gemmological Association of Great Britain of London, or elsewhere, is needed for identification of treated gems. This topic is also discussed in textbooks (19—21). In some materials the induced change is the exact equivalent of a process that also occurs naturally, so that such treatments caimot be identified. 

Job analysis produces a task list. This list helps identify procedure titles. Task analysis identifies training topics and skills. 

Work instructions are identified in a Note to clause 4.2.2 of ISO 9001 and in clause 4.9.2 in ISO/TS 16949 where it states that job instructions are equivalent to work instructions. In ISO 9001 it implies that work instructions define how an activity is performed but in ISO 8402 1994 a procedure is defined as a specified way to perform an activity. There isn t enough difference between these two definitions to warrant a change in the term and its inclusion may well create much confusion, especially as ISO 9004-1 does not refer to work instructions or any other type of instructions. The list of topics that should be addressed by job instructions in clause 4.9.2 of ISO/TS 16949 certainly does not by itself imply that job instructions define how an activity is performed ... 

The table below identifies these procedures indicating the clause numbers, with the denoting those which are applicable only when the requirement applies. In Appendix B are a further 144 topics which your procedures need to address in order to demonstrate that you have documented your quality system. 

Other organizations present their policies and procedures in a less formal marmer and/or with considerable variation. In some companies, each functional area, division, or business unit may have its own preferred format in others, the format depends on the topic presented. In cases such as these, it is particularly important to identify the "process owner," since this determination may drive the form of the team s work product. 

The Center for Chemical Process Safety s projects fall into a number of general topic areas that comprise a comprehensive program. These topic areas include identification of hazards and analysis of risks, prevention and mitigation of the hazards identified, and better definition of areas affected by a release of hazardous materials. This book is the latest in the series dealing with hazard identification and risk analysis. 

In the process of identifying chemical health hazards, tlie near term and long tenn fate of tlie hazard should be incorporated into tlie analysis. Near-term concerns relate primarily to tlie release of the chemical into the enviromnent. This leads to the general subject area of e.xposure assessment, including routes of e.xposure - a topic that is treated in e.xtensive detail in Cliapter 12. However, tlie fate of the chemical (hazard) following tlie point of human entry is another consideration when attempting to identify health hazards. An overview of tliis topic is presented here... 

The classification as to whetlier a chemical agent is a carcinogen or a noncarcinogen can help identify whetlier it is a healtli liazard. Both topics are briefly reviewed in this section. More extensive information is provided in Chapter 15. 

After tlie system has been defined, a hazard evaluation technique can be used to identify different types of hazards within tlie system components and to propose possible solutions to eliminate the hazards. This topic is treated in more detail in the next t o chapters. These procedures are e.xtremely useful in identifying system modes and failures that can contribute to the occurrence of accidents diey should be an integral part of different phases of process development from conceptual design to installation, operation, and maintenance. The hazard evaluation tecliniques tliat are useful in tlie preliminary and detailed stages of tlie design process include ... 

The use of event trees is sometimes limiting for liazard analysis because it may lack die capability of quantifying die potendal of die event occurring. Tlie analysis may also be incomplete if all inidal occurrences are not identified. Its use is beneficial in examining, rather dian evaluating, die possibilities and consequences of a failure. For this reason, a fault tree analysis (FTA) should supplement diis, to establish die probabilities of die event tree branches. Tliis topic was introduced in a subsection of Cliapter 16. 

Nutter offers an improved high performance random packing identified as Nutter Ring, see Figure 9-6K. To achieve the best performance from any random packing, the liquid distributor must be level and the distributor points of the discharging liquid to the packing must be uniformly distributed, see earlier discussion on this topic. 

Table 14-8A briefly identifies the key hazardous classifications established by the National Electrical Code, Articles 500-505. A more detailed copy of selected portions of the NEC is included in Tables 14-8B and 14-8B-1-4. Depending on the scope of any particular project, the engineer should examine the topics covered in the entire NEC for applicable requirements. 

Identify the indicated sets of protons as unrelated, homotopic, enantio-topic, or diastereotopic ... 

Searching is fast and easy. Along with a simple keyword search, IPN offers alternative searches by patent number, boolean text, and advanced text that allows for multiple field searching. Browsing provides an organized approach to searching for patents. Through a review of specific classifications, you can identify topics and patents of interest. 

Using Environmental Examples to Teach About Acids. Acid-base reactions are usually presented to secondary students as examples of aqueous equilibrium (2). In their study of acids and bases, students are expected to master the characteristic properties and reactions. They are taught to test the acidity of solutions, identify familiar acids and label them as strong or weak. The ionic dissociation of water, the pH scale and some common reactions of acids are also included in high school chemistry. All of these topics may be illustrated with examples related to acid deposition (5). A lesson plan is presented in Table I. 

Although mentees may already have mentioned some of their problems, aims and objectives when detailing their expectations, these topics should be discussed in more detail. It might be the case that mentees are not yet clear about what aims they seek to achieve. Identifying these is, of course, an ongoing process, which does not only occur during the first meeting. 

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