Tone at the top

A demonstrated commitment to process safety by an organization s senior leadership is essential. The organization s leaders must set the process safety tone at the top of the organization and establish appropriate expectations regarding process safety performance. Those expectations must reflect an unwavering commitment to process safety and infuse into the organization s work force the mind-set that process accidents are not acceptable. 

Process Safety Leadership - the panel concluded that BP s leadership failed to set tone at the top in establishing process safety expectations as a core value. 

BP s leadership should set the process safety tone at the top of the organization and establish appropriate expectations regarding process safety performance. 

Finally, improvement efforts are most successful when the organizational culture is well understood by leaders. It is then possible to build upon favorable dimensions and undertake targeted improvement where the culture is weak. It is also possible for the administrative leadership to measure dimensions of the culture in tangible terms and report the results over time as a means of communicating the tone at the top, in the middle, and at the bedside in order to fulfill the board s responsibility to monitor the culture and oversee the emergence of safety hazards and ethical risks. 

Furthermore, and perhaps more important, a leader sets organizational direction implicitly—without ever saying a word—by the signals her colleagues receive about her emotional and physical reactions to situations and from her decisions, behaviors, and leadership style. These nonverbal responses define the tone at the top as much as any overt, intentional action, and this tone quickly permeates the organization and establishes the feel of its culture. Haberdashers speak of the "hand" of a fine silk tie—i.e., the fabric s distinctive texture and firmness. Analogously, the culture of the organization stems from the feel of the fabric of relationships modeled by leadership behavior. 

Tone at the top," the byword of compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, is an essential element in the creation of organizations with incident-free operations. (By incidents we mean increases in... 

The tone at the top is delicate. It can change subtly, unnoticed by those at the top. Ensuring safety requires continual reexamination of organizational tone as well as a continuous predisposition to listen to staff perceptions of changes in tone. 

Do your leaders understand how they create the tone at the top Do they understand how the tone relates to their strategic objectives Are leaders committed to the requisite listening, and does the organization encourage the upward communication about safety that leaders need to listen to ... 

Safety climate and organizational culture measures will be taken annually to give senior leaders and trustees an objective measure of the organizational culture and the tone at the top. 

The Exemplar HealthNet safety plan calls for readministering the OCDI in six months and then, depending on the results, annually thereafter. This aspect of the plan will provide a measure of progress, supply an important complement for a safety early warning system, and give leaders and trustees the information they need to monitor and manage the tone at the top. 

The impact on negative-CA resists of airborne base contamination differs qualitatively from their positive tone counterparts. Suppression of acid-catalyzed chemistry at the surface of a negative resist results in some film erosion at the top of the exposed fields and in some cases an apparent loss of photosensitivity, but in general the reUef images formed exhibit the expected cross-sectional profile. This is in sharp contrast with the typical behavior seen with positive-tone CA resists, where suppression of acid-catalyzed chemistry at the surface causes an insoluble surface skin. 

I think we all know that leadership makes a difference. This is my bottom line. If leadership at the top is committed—regardless of whether the leader is a man or a woman, but preferably if women are seen to be high in the management team and if both men and women at the top are committed—we can make a difference, and we can set the tone, and we can change our environment. If we seriously want to invest in infrastructure to support women s careers in science, we can make a difference. 

Mice were placed into an enclosed chamber with a high-frequency speaker in the center top lid. An audio signal generator was used to produce a continuous sinusoidal tone that was swept linearly in frequency between 8 and 16 kHz once every 10 milliseconds. The average sound pressure level during stimulation was approximately 100 dB at the chamber floor. DBA/2 mice in the vehicle-treated group... 

These top-level employees set the tone for process safety at the plant level. They must not only talk the talk, but also walk the walk. Frequently, the people in these roles take on new assignments with specific objectives for the site which may or may not be related to... 

Figure 4. Typical top surface (left) and sidewall (right) images of Shipley SAL 605 negative-tone, chemically-amplified resist. The color bar at the left is representative of the peak-to-peak height difference in the images.

A.irbome Basic Chemical Contamination. A critical, and at-first pu22ling problem, was encountered during early manufacturing trials of CA resists. Sporadically, severely distorted resist profiles would be formed in positive-tone CA resists, displaying what seemed to be a cap on the upper surface of the resist image (Fig. 26). In severe cases this cap or T-top would appear as a kin or cmst over the entire wafer surface that prevented development of the pattern. The magnitude of the effect varied dramatically between laboratories and appeared to grow more severe as the time interval between exposure and post-exposure bake was increased. 

Figure 2 Thin layer chromatography plate (K6F - Whatman) traces of the standard extract labelled at 100,000 uic (top) and the MAP extract (bottom). The plate was eluted in a hexane propanol mixture (92 8) and did not require any developing agent given the deep coloration of the extracts. For the purpose of reproduction we have digitised the plate at 16,000,000 colours and converted the digital file into a 256-tone gray-scale one. Note that despite this dramatic graphical loss in resolution the differences between the two products are readily observed.

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