Kairomonal factors

The scope of our investigations into the M. sexta/Solanaceae model system are best summarized In Table I. With three exceptions noted in Table I, we are currently investigating the chemical factors responsible for the observed behaviors In both hornworm preferred and non-preferred members of Solanaceae. However, for the sake of brevity, we will discuss only the allomone Isolated from the wild tomato, Lycoperslcon hlrsutum f. gla-bratum and the kairomonal factors found in horsenettle, Solanum... 

All components must be present at the proper time and in adequate amounts. Plant resistance may result from disruption of the normal sequence of events or reduced presence of kairomones or enhancement of allomones ( ). This resistance is under genetic control but may vary with environmental conditions factors involved in ecological resistance have been reviewed (25). 

All of these avenues - use of kairomone attractant, and spray adjuvant, phenolic antioxidants, and other factors that reduce aflatoxin biosynthesis - have the same potential result, to reduce aflatoxin levels in commercial nuts so as to preserve traditional markets and keep the products safe as well as healthy for consumers, and do so without, or with minimal use of synthetic insecticide and fungicides. 

In other instances, compounds called kairomones are released by plants (or other organisms) and benefit the receiving organism. A number of these compounds serve as both repellent and attractant substances most kairomones probably originated as allomones. In any instance, it is possible for a compound to be an allomone with regard to many insects and a kairomone to others. More than 4000 compounds have been evaluated for their ability to attract several kinds of insects (Wright, 1966). Plant volatiles are only one factor in the attraction of animals to plants. Visual cues may also be extremely important (Stadler, 1983). 

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