Tobacco mosaic virus oxidation

Several colloidal systems containing anisodimensional particles, such as iron oxide and tobacco mosaic virus sols, show reversible... 

Tubular membrane tension/mucosal DNA thermal melting point midpoint of thermal denaturation curve Transmembrane Trimethylamine oxide Transmembrane domain Trimethylsilyl thimersol Tobacco mosaic virus Treose nucleic acid 5-thio-2-nitrobenzoate... 

The spectrophotometric evidence reviewed above for the binding of a proportion of the phenolic hydroxyl groups of the tyrosine residues of native proteins is supported by work on the action of tyrosinase on proteins. Sizer (1946) found that this enzyme oxidizes the tyrosine residues in native trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, casein, peptone, insulin, and hemoglobin. Native ovalbumin, human and bovine serum albumin, tobacco mosaic virus (nucleoprotein), human y- and bovine /3-globulins, and bovine fibrinogen are not susceptible to tyrosinase, but become so after tryptic digestion. It was shown (Sizer, 1947) that for the proteins which are oxidized by tyrosinase in the native state, the observed reaction does indeed occur with the intact proteins and does not require preliminary degradation to tyrosine peptides or free tyrosine. The kinetics of the oxidation of tyrosine by tyrosinase have been studied spectropho-tometrically (Mason, 1948 etc.). 

Fig. 6 Class C SPs. 14 Polyrotaxane " " 15 poly[2]catenane 18 linear dendritic hybrid chain from 7-oxanorbornene monomers substituted with two tapered monodentrons " and 20 SAMs of n-alkanethiolates on gold. Structures 16 [3]catenane and [3] rotaxane with two dibenzol[24]crown-8 rings 17 a-cyclodextrin 4-poly (ethylene oxide) and 19 tobacco mosaic virus are included for comparison.

Gnerlich, M., E. Pomerantseva, K. Gregorczyk, D. Ketchnm, G. Rnbloff, and R. Ghodssi. 2013. Solid flexible electrochemical snpercapacitor using Tobacco mosaic virus nanostructures and ALD ruthenium oxide. Journal of Micromechanics and... 

M. Knez et al. showed the application of atomic layer deposition, a gas-phase thin film deposition process, to biological macromolecules (tobacco mosaic virus and ferritin), which are frequently used as templates in nanoscale science, and the possibility to fabricate metal oxide nanotubes and thin films with embedded... 

Knez M, Kadri A, Wege C, Gosele U, Jeske H, Nielsch K (2006) Atomic layer deposition on biological macromolecules metal oxide coating of tobacco mosaic virus and ferritin. Nano Lett 6 1172-1177... 

Zhao, X.M., She, X.P., Yu, W.T. et al. 2007b. Effects of oligochitosan on tobacco cells and role of endogenous nitric oxide burst in the resistance of tobacco to Tobacco Mosaic Virus. J. Plant Pathol. 89(l) 69-79. 

The same concepts are present in nature that has evolved examples of natural supramolecular capsules deputed to the transport and/or the storage of important chemical species. Examples are the tobacco mosaic virus characterized by a rodlike appearance and composed of 2130 molecules of coat protein that surround one molecule of genomic RNA 6400 bases long. Another important representative is apoferritin, which is a capsular aggregate with octahedral symmetry formed by 24 identical peptides that present a cavity of over 230 that can store up to 4500 iron atoms as ferric hydrous oxides. 

The last system included in Table 2, the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), illustrates the induction of helicity in host-guest polymeric assemblies [3,126], Columnar, helical, and helical-columnar assemblies often have a cavity in which guest molecules can be hosted. A cavity of only 6 A diameter can host a polymer chain for instance, stacks of a-cyclodextrin rings can host a poly(ethylene oxide) chain [141] without induction of helicity. Columnar stacks have also been observed with... 

In 1936 Mirsky and Pauling recognized the role of hydrogen bonds as important determinants of the secondary and tertiary structure of the proteins, in addition to intra-and interchain S—S linkages and ionic forces. More than a decade later hydrophobic interactions between certain amino acids were added as important conformational factors. That non-covalent linkages between proteins and non-protein compounds can determine the quaternary structure of a protein was shown in 1957 by the reconstitution of the tobacco mosaic virus from its isolated RNA and protein parts by Fraenkel-Conrat. On the other hand, Anfinsen< > could show that when the tertiary structure and activity of the bovine pancreas RNase are destroyed by reduction of its S—S linkages, re-oxidation of the SH groups finally leads to complete restitution of the enzymatic activity. Further structural studies of the reconstituted active enzyme support the assumption that in this case initial tertiary structure of the protein was restored. This supports the assumption that the tertiary structure of a protein is defined by its amino acid sequence. 

Column 3 RNA species. RNAs and pol mucleotides arranged alphabetically under each metal oxidation state and metal complex first by polyribonucleotide species, then by tRNA species in order of amino acid and then source organism, mixed (unfractionated) species listed after those identified by amino acid, and finally by RNA species other than tRNAs. Amino acids are abbreviated by the three letter nomenclature, Ala , Arg , etc. Met P and Met m .represent the translational initiator and the ordinary methionine spedes, respectively. TYMV=turnip yellow mosaic virus. TMV=tobacco mosaic virus. 

Yamakawa H, Kamada H, Satoh M, Ohashi Y (1998) Spermine is a salicylate-independent endogenous inducer for both tobacco acidic pathogenesis-related proteins and resistance against tobacco mosaic virus infection. Plant Physiol 118 1213-1222 Yamasaki H, Cohen MF (2006) NO signal at the crossroads polyamine-induced nitric oxide synthesis in plants Trends Plant Sci 11 522-524... 

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