Tobacco manufacturers

Laugesen M (2003) Tobacco manufacturers returns for calendar year 2002. Report to the Ministry of Health, New Zealand. Health New Zealand, 2003 Lee EM, Malson JL, Moolchan ET, Pickworth WB (2004) Quantitative comparison between a nicotine delivery device (Eclipse) and conventional cigarette smoking. Nicotine Tob Res 6 95-102... 

Abstract For more than a half century, tobacco manufacturers have conducted sophisticated internal research to evaluate nicotine delivery, and modified their products to ensure availability of nicotine to smokers and to optimize its effects. Tobacco has proven to be a particularly effective vehicle for nicotine, enabling manipulation of smoke chemistry and of mechanisms of delivery, and providing sensory cues that critically inform patterns of smoking behavior as well as reinforce the impact of nicotine. A range of physical and chemical product design changes provide precise control over the quantity, form, and perception of nicotine dose, and support compensatory behavior, which is driven by the smoker s addiction to nicotine. Cigarette... 

Historical evidence with respect to manipulation of nicotine is overwhelming. Tobacco manufacturers began programs for manipulation of nicotine more than 50 years ago and refined these efforts over decades, altering product characteristics in order to sustain addictive levels of nicotine delivery, despite reduced machine-measured levels of tar and nicotine delivery. 

In the August 2006 decision of a suit between the US federal government and major US cigarette manufacturers, federal Judge Gladys Kessler concluded that tobacco manufacturers ... 

Because many esters have an aroma or taste acceptable to the consumer, the list of individual compounds used as tobacco ingredients by U.S. tobacco manufacturers contains numerous esters. Such a list was prepared by Doull et al. (1053) from information provided by the U.S. tobacco product manufacturers. A detailed examination of the Doull et al. list by Rodgman (3266) revealed that many of the added ingredients had been identified in additive-free tobacco and/or its smoke. 

Bentley, H.R. and E.G.N. Berry The constituents of tobacco smoke An annotated bibliography. Research Paper No. 3 Tobacco Manufacturers Standing Committee, London (1959). 

Kissling, R. HandbuchderTabakkunds, desTabakbaues, und der Tabakfabrikation [Handbook of tobacco information, tobacco types, and tobacco manufacture] Paul Parey, Berlin, Germany (1905). 

Textile, wearing apparel and leather 48 Tobacco manufacture... 

The use of flavors in food that were encapsulated goes back to the 1960s and 1970s where tobacco manufacturer tried to enhance cigarette filters with various devices that encapsulate liquid... 

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