Titer level

Immunization and Antibody Production The immunogen 3-hemisuccinyloxyflurazepam, is emulsified with complete Freund s adjuvant. It is injected intradermally into two female New Zealand albino (white) rabbits. Repeated doses are administered twice at interval of two weeks. Subsequently, booster injections of the thick-immunogen-emulsion-paste are administered after a span of 6-weeks. The antibody is harvested when its titer level is high enough, diluted to the suitable-level and employed in the RIA. 

Table III describes the risk of failure by vaccine formulation and OSM IgG antibody levels and OVACAR killing immune response, separately for each relapse risk categoiy. The combinations shown are those that resulted in interaction terms with p<0.15. In most cases, the sample sizes are too small to produce significant subgroup results, but all comparisons suggest differential effects of factors across relapse risk levels. For example, the protective effect of OSM IgG antibody titer level on the risk of failure is found only in those patients with intermediate or high relapse risk. In low risk patients, OSM IgG antibody titer level is not associated with EFS.

Artificially acquired immunity against some diseases may require periodic booster injections to keep an adequate antibody level (or antibody titer) circulating in the blood. A booster injection is the administration of an additional dose of die vaccine to boost the production of antibodies to a level diat will maintain die desired immunity. The booster is given months or years after die initial vaccine and may be needed because die life of some antibodies is short. 

The version 2.0 assay uses a different set of probes designed to hybridize to genotypes 1 to 6 with equal efficacy (Fig. 4). The new probe set not only enhanced the efficiency of binding to genotypic variants but also lowered the LOQ from 3.5 X 105 to 2 X 105 HCV RNA equivalents/ml (Detmer et al., 1996). The version 2.0 assay displayed almost a 600-fold dynamic range up to 1.2 X 108 RNA equivalents/ml. The LOQ was set at 2 X 105 to ensure a specificity of 95%. The assay was reproducible, with a mean CV of 14% for replicates of low-, middle-, and high-titer sera. Serial dilutions of quality level 1 RNA transcripts (Collins et al,... 

Mice immunized intranasally with chimeric PVX particles expressing a six-amino-acid neutralizing epitope from gp 41 of HIV-1 produced high levels of HIV-l-specific IgG and IgA antibodies [50], The anti-H66 IgG titers ranged from 2000 to >30,000. Mice immunized intranasally produced IgA in the serum and in fecal extracts. 

The adjuvant effect of lipid A on the immunogenicity of polymeric lipospheres was also tested [14], Incorporation of lipid A in PCL lipospheres had no effect on the IgG ELISA titers. However, in the case of PLA lipospheres, lipid A significantly increased the immune response to R32NS1 malaria antigen, resulting in IgG levels similar to those obtained with PCL lipospheres. The adjuvant effect of lipid A incorporated in PLA lipospheres was observed even after 1600-fold dilution of the rabbit sera [14],... 

Sensitivity defines the degree to which an assay can distinguish one compound from another of the same nature and an immunoassay is a function of the particular antibody molecules contained in the antiserum. Specificity of the antiserum is a function of the particular antigen used to immunize the animal. Affinity usually measures how strongly bound is the antigen to the antibody. Titer refers to the concentration level of, in the context of the usage, antibody contained in the obtained serum. 

As can be seen from the data presented, the suspension of crystal C60 did not itself affect the influenza vims. In all control experiments without oxygen and irradiation the infectious activity of the vims remained on the same level throughout the experiment (Fig. 5.1). This was true for both vims in original allantoic fluid and vims resuspended in saline. Exposure of the vims to oxygen without irradiation did not affect the viral titer either. 

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