Titanium biomedical applications

Shape-memory alloys (e.g. Cu-Zn-Al, Fe-Ni-Al, Ti-Ni alloys) are already in use in biomedical applications such as cardiovascular stents, guidewires and orthodontic wires. The shape-memory effect of these materials is based on a martensitic phase transformation. Shape memory alloys, such as nickel-titanium, are used to provide increased protection against sources of (extreme) heat. A shape-memory alloy possesses different properties below and above the temperature at which it is activated. Below this temperature, the shape of the alloy is easily deformed due to its flexible structure. At the activation temperature, the alloy can be changed by applying a force, but the structure resists this deformation and returns back to its initial shape. The activation temperature is a function of the ratio of nickel to titanium in the alloy. In contrast with Ni-Ti, copper-zinc alloys are capable of a two-way activation, and therefore a reversible variation of the shape is possible, which is a necessary condition for protection purposes in textiles used to resist changeable weather conditions. 

Arasabenzene, with chromium, 5, 339 Arcyriacyanin A, via Heck couplings, 11, 320 Arduengo-type carbenes with titanium(IV), 4, 366 with vanadium, 5, 10 (Arene(chromium carbonyls analytical applications, 5, 261 benzyl cation stabilization, 5, 245 biomedical applications, 5, 260 chiral, as asymmetric catalysis ligands, 5, 241 chromatographic separation, 5, 239 cine and tele nucleophilic substitutions, 5, 236 kinetic and mechanistic studies, 5, 257 liquid crystalline behaviour, 5, 262 lithiations and electrophile reactions, 5, 236 as main polymer chain unit, 5, 251 mass spectroscopic studies, 5, 256 miscellaneous compounds, 5, 258 NMR studies, 5, 255 palladium coupling, 5, 239 polymer-bound complexes, 5, 250 spectroscopic studies, 5, 256 X-ray data analysis, 5, 257... 

Zhou, X. (2012) Hydroxyapatite/titanium composite coating for biomedical applications. PhD thesis. University of Michigan-Dearborn, http //hdl.handle.net/2027.42/94569 (accessed 15 November 2014). 

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Micronozzles with high surface quality can be fabricated on advanced high strength temperature resistance (HSTR) materials such as titanium, nickel alloys, and stainless steel utilizing the EMM technique. These micronozzles can be successfully utilized in various applications such as injectors for automobile and aerospace applications, microfluidic applications for heat transfer devices, as well as for various biomedical applications. 

X. Lu, Y. Leng, Electrochemical micromachining of titanium surfaces for biomedical applications, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 169 (2005) 173-178. 

P.F. Chauvy, C. Madore, D. Landolt, Variable length scale analysis of surface topography characterization of titanium surfaces for biomedical applications. Surf. Coat. Technol 110 (1998) 48. 

H.J. Rack, J.I. Qazi, Titanium alloys for biomedical applications. Materials Science and Engineering C26 (2006) 1269-1277. 

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Ruslan Z, Valiev PI, Semenova VV, Latysh R, Henry CT, Lowe P, et al. Nanostructured titanium for biomedical applications. Adv Biomater 2008 B15-7. 

Titanium and its alloys have many biomedical applications due to their high strength and corrosion resistance, and are commonly incorporated in replacement hip joints and items such as bone pins [1]. Porous Ti foams have been explored for biomedical uses due to their enhanced adhesion to host tissue [15]. Surface-treatment of Ti and Ti alloys to enhance material properties, such as wear resistance, in a biomedical context has been examined [16]. In addition, titanium nitride-based materials could potentially serve as coatings for biomedical implants [17]. NiTi-based shape memory alloys are attractive candidates for biomedical materials due to their shape retention and pseudoelasticity, however, manufacturing and processing these memory alloys for biomedical apphcations is typically not straightforward [18]. 

M. Kulkami, A. Mazare, E. Gongadze, S. Petutkova, V. Kralj-Iglic, I. Milosev, P. Schmuki, A. Ighc, M. Mozetic, Titanium nanostructures for biomedical applications, Nanotechnology 26 (2015) 062002(1)-062002(18). 

For instance, equiatomic nickel-titanium alloy (nitinol) is a very attractive material for biomedical applications. However, the high nickel content of the alloy and its potential influence on biocompatibility is an issue for nitinol-composed devices. Corrosion resistance of nitinol components from implantable medical devices should be assessed according to regulatory processes and standard recommendations. It is now well known that nitinol requires controlled processes to achieve optimal good life and ensure a passive surface, predominantly composed of titanium oxide, that protects the base material from general corrosion. Passivity may be enhanced by modifying the thickness, topography, and chemical composition of the surface by selective treatments [46]. 

Frauchiger VM, et al. Anodic plasma-chemical treatment of CP titanium surfaces for biomedical applications. Biomaterials 2004 25(4) 593—606. 

Tunesi M, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell differentiation on electrochemically modified titanium an optimized approach for biomedical applications. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2013 11(1) 9-17. 

Braem A, et al. Staphylococcal biofilm growth on smooth and porous titanium coatings for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014 102(1) 215—24. 

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