Titanic corrosion

These mixed phosphate ester titanium complexes or their amine salts are useful as fuel additives to help maintain cleanliness of carburetors and inhibit surface corrosion. Chloride-free mixed alcohol phosphate esters can be obtained if a tetraalkyl titanate is used (101). 

Addition of one mole of P,P -dipheny1methy1enediphosphinic acid to tetraisopropyl titanate gives a chelated product, the solutions of which can be used as a primer coat for metals to enhance the adhesion of topcoats, eg, alkyds, polyalkyl acylates, and other polymeric surface coating products, and improve the corrosion resistance of the metal to salt water (102). 

Enhanced anti-corrosion properties are also reportedly achieved by mill additions of lithium titanate, lithium aluminate or magnesium titanate to the host glass frit . 

FIGURE 13.2 Some reactions are very slow, as in the gradual buildup of corrosion on the prow of the Titanic on the cold floor of the Atlantic Ocean. 

Mkaline Fuel Cell The electrolyte for NASA s space shnttle orbiter fuel cell is 35 percent potassinm hydroxide. The cell operates between 353 and 363 K (176 and I94°F) at 0.4 MPa (59 psia) on hydrogen and oxygen. The electrodes contain platinnm-palladinm and platinum-gold alloy powder catalysts bonded with polytetraflnoro-ethylene (PTFE) latex and snpported on gold-plated nickel screens for cnrrent collection and gas distribution. A variety of materials, inclnding asbestos and potassinm titanate, are used to form a micro-porous separator that retains the electrolyte between the electrodes. The cell structural materials, bipolar plates, and external housing are nsnally nickel-plated to resist corrosion. The complete orbiter fuel cell power plant is shown in Fig. 24-48. 

Titanate coupling agents have been found to offer corrosion resistance12 and to give improved age and water resistance in reinforced plastics.13 Their application in thermoplastics has been discussed in detail,1415 the requirements of a coupling agent have been established16,17 and the theory of their use has been described.18 A summary of the different types of structure, with examples, is available.17... 

Abstract. Diffusion of gases in titanic powders depends on a way of manufacture, the conditions of lixiviation at hydrometallurgical processing of powders, and also on a condition and on the structure of the surface of particles. The different methods to investigate products of corrosion, as on a surface of particles, and in the fulfilled solutions in which the tests are performed, are given. The correlation between them is established. The influence of oxygen on formation of hydrides is shown. The recommendation for use titanic powders saturated by gas is given. 

From the literature it is known [I, 2, 4] that the stability in aggressive environment is naturally connected with the structure and condition of titanium. Therefore, performing the corrosion tests has allowed deeper understand a nature of gas saturation of titanic powders of different kinds of manufacturing, and to obtain new results. 

TABLE 4. Phase structure of titanic electrolytic powders after corrosion in 5 % a solution HC1 (the X-ray phases analysis)... 

Practically all titanic powders with a different degree of impurity can be recommended as a filling compound for corrosion resistant materials which work in muriatic environments. 

Titanates are valuable in other paint applications. Corrosion-resistant coatings have been described for tinplate, steel, and aluminum (440—444). Incorporation of phosphoric acid or polyphosphates enhances the corrosion resistance. Because titanates promote hardening of epoxy resins, they are often used in epoxy-based paint (445). Silicones (polysiloxanes) are often cured by titanates. Pigments, eg, Ti02, Si02, Al O and Zr02, are frequently pretreated with titanates before incorporation into paints (441,446). In these applications, the Ti(OR)4 compounds are often mixed with Si(OR)4, Al(OR)3, Zr(OR)4, and other metal alkoxides (12). 

Keywords titanic powders, diffusion of hydrogen and oxygen, oxides, hydrides in titanic powders, products of corrosion, structure of particles. 

A material used as antistat for methane foams is reported to also reduce corrosion risk, and neoalkoxy titanates and zirconates have been found to be effective antistats for polyolefins, polystyrene, and polyesters (6). 

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