Coupling agents titanate

Table 5b Structures and Physical Properties of Titanate Coupling Agents...

The structure of a titanate coupling agent is expressed by the general formula RO—Ti (OXRY)3. These titanate coupling agents are useful for improving flexibility and processability [70]. Joseph and coworkers [71]... 

Fig. 10. Viscosity and first normal stress difference vs. shear stress for polypropylene (at 200 °C) filled with calcium carbonate (50 wt%) with and without a titanate coupling agent (TTS ) (O, ) pure polypropylene (PP) (A,A) PP/CaC03=50 50 (by wt.) ( , ) PP/CaC03=50 50 with TTS (1 wt%). The open symbols were obtained from a cone and plate instrument and the closed symbols from a slit/capillary rheometer.

Titanate coupling agents have been found to offer corrosion resistance12 and to give improved age and water resistance in reinforced plastics.13 Their application in thermoplastics has been discussed in detail,1415 the requirements of a coupling agent have been established16,17 and the theory of their use has been described.18 A summary of the different types of structure, with examples, is available.17... 

TABLE 10.6 Common Titanate Coupling Agents and Their Applications ... 

Monte, S. J., and Sugerman, G., New Neoalkoxy Titanate Coupling Agents Designed to Eliminate Particulate Pretreatment, 125th Meeting of the Rubber Division, Indianapolis, IN, May 8-11, 1984. 

Figure 6.38 Viscosity (open symbols) and first normal stress difference (closed symbols) as a function of shear stress for neat polypropylene melt (Q. )> the same melt filled with 50% by weight CaC03 particles of size 2.5 fx, (A, A), and the filled melt with a titanate coupling agent ( , ). (From Han et al. 1981, reprinted with permission from the Society of Plastics Engineers.)...

KEN-REACT Reference Manual. Titanate Coupling Agents for Filled Polymers, Kenrich Petrochemicals Inc., New Jersey, U.S.A. (U.K. Sales Hubron Sales Ltd., 2A Partington Street, Failsworth, Manchester M35 ORD). 

Aromatic monomers/polyesters N-vinyl pyrrolidone Amine/acid/hydroxyl monomers Silane/titanate coupling agents... 

Polymer composites represent materials of great and of continuously growing importance. Their potential for application appears to be limitless. They have been the subject of numerous studies both at academic and industrial levels. Much progress has been made in the incisive formulation of composites sophisticated methods of property evaluation have been developed in the past decade and many, largely empirical solutions have been proposed to resolve the problem of their long-term performance under typical conditions of use (i.e. the use of silane or titane coupling agents to enhance adhesion within composite materials). 

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