Tissues malignant tissue

Some established cell lines were derived from malignant tissue. Many of these cell lines can form tumors when injected into susceptible animals. Other established cell lines are not Uunorigenic. However, exposure to carcinogens, and irradiation can cause these cells to form tumors in susceptible animals. In addition, transformation can be caused by spontaneous mutations, by growth factors, and by viral (or oncogenic) transformation (Table 6). Malignant transformation is defined as consisting of the series of events that cause normal cells to develop the capacity to form tumors. 

There are now available a number of lines of cells, mainly originating from malignant tissue, which can be serially subcultured apparently indefinitely. These established cell lines are particularly convenient as they eliminate the requirement for fresh animal tissue for such sets or series of cultures. An example of these continuous cell lines are the famous HeLa cells, which were originally isolated from a cervical carcinoma of a woman called Henrietta Lacks, long since dead but whose cells have been used in laboratories all over the world to grow viruses. 

Otamiri, T. and Sjddahl, R. (1989). Increased lipid peroxidation in malignant tissues of patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer 64, 422-425. 

Cryotherapy is a procedure used primarily for smaller, low-risk NMSCs with clearly defined margins. It involves delivering liquid nitrogen at subzero temperatures as a spray or with a supercooled metal probe to destroy the malignant tissue.5 It is contraindicated in metatypical or morpheaform BCC, in tumors that are invasive or recurrent, in hair-bearing skin that is susceptible to cryotherapy-induced alopecia, or in tumors with poorly defined borders. Cryotherapy is a cost-effective treatment that is easy for clinicians to deliver, but the recurrence rate is high with this procedure.5... 

Ross, J.F., Chaudhuri, P.K., and Ratnam, M. (1994) Differential regulation of folate receptor isoforms in normal and malignant tissues in vivo and established cell lines. Physiologic and clinical implications. Cancer 73, 2432-2443. 

A further difference in CB between normal and malignant tissues is that in the latter, a greater proportion of CB is found on the cell membrane (K2). This preferential binding to the cell membrane in malignant tumors may be due to defects in glycosylation during post-translational processing of CB (PI). Whether CB is bound to a specific receptor, like that described earlier for uPA, is presently unclear. 

Advances in cell culture techniques have allowed the use of trophoblast cell cultures to evaluate the various transporter and metabolic systems of the placenta. Many studies have used primary cultures of undifferentiated cytotro-phoblasts isolated from placentas, whereas others have used trophoblast cell lines as a model. Trophoblast cell lines can be generated from normal tissues or malignant tissues and also from embryonal carcinomas exhibiting trophoblast differentiation [48],... 

Target organjtissuejcell Evidence for apoptosis resistance in pre-malignant tissue References... 

The radioisotope of gallium-67 is one of the first to be used in medicine. It has the ability to locate and concentrate on malignant tissue, such as skin cancers, without harming normal tissue in the same area. 

The bisindole alkaloids are clearly closely associated with MDR from both historical and structural perspectives. The clinical relevance of this mechanism of drug resistance has not been unambiguously established however, the tissue-specific expression of P-gp has been noted for several normal as well as malignant tissues (105). Therefore, the natural resis-... 

Scheme 4. The heme biosynthetic pathway. In vivo administration of d-aminolevulinic acid induces accumulation of fluorescent protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) preferably in malignant tissues...

Pharmacological knowledge, gained with the discovery of steroid hormones, their nuclear receptors and their function in normal and malignant tissues, has been successfully translated into the first targeted drugs in oncology. 

Infrared spectroscopy has been shown to spectrally discriminate normal and malignant tissues in conjunction with statistical analysis methods, many of these mathematical methods are applicable to Raman spectral analysis. 

---