Tissue targeting

The simplest case of pharmacokinetics is intravenous injection [1]. In this case the drug is injected directly into the bloodstream. The drug may permeate to different tissues depending on its ability to get across the blood vessel walls and the cellular barriers in the particular tissue targets (Fig. 1). If the drug has small molecular weight and adequate... 

Russ V, Wagner E (2007) Cell and tissue targeting of nucleic acids for cancer gene therapy. Pharm Res 24 1047-1057... 

Target tissues. Target tissues were not specifically addressed in this model. The target tissue for -hexane is peripheral nerve (via the neurotoxic metabolite 2,5-hexanedione). 

Pasqualini R, Ruoslahti E. Tissue targeting with phage peptide libraries. Mol Psychiatry 1996 1(6) 423. 

Gonsho, A., Irie, K., Susaki, H., et al. Tissue-targeting ability of saccharide-poly (L-lysine) conjugates. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17 275-282, 1994. 

BED Biologic effective dose is the amount of a chemical or its metabolite that interacts with critical subcellular, cellular, and tissue targets. 

L. M. Anderson, S. Swaminothan, I. Zackon, A.-K. Tajuddin, B. Thimmapaya, and S. A. Weitzmann, Adenovirus-mediated tissue-targeted expression of the HSVtk gene for the treatment of bread cancer, Gene Ther. 6 854 (1999). 

Another interesting and new application of phage display libraries is in vivo specific tissue targeting. This may be useful in targeting cells, drugs, and genes into selected tissue. In 1996 Pasqualini and Ruoslahti [44] injected phage... 

Figure 14.7 Schematic representation of the process of gene delivery and expression. Extacellular environment —> tissue targetability —> cellular uptake —> intracellular trafficking —> nuclear entry —> gene expression...

The ultimate dependence of vitamin E for transport by liver and intestinal cells via apoB lipoproteins may explain the severe vitamin E deficiency observed in ABL. In contrast, apoB lipoprotein assembly is required only for the mobilization of dietary vitamin A by the intestinal cells liver distributes the endogenous vitamin A to other tissues by retinol-binding protein. Unlike vitamins E and A, dietary vitamin K may only partially depend on apoB lipoproteins for its transport across the intestinal epithelial cells and tissue targeting and may explain why bleeding diathesis is rarely observed in ABL. 

The Handbook of Manufacturing Techniques seeks to cover the entire range of available approaches to getting a pure drug (as opposed to a combination product) into the body and to its therapeutic tissue target. Thanks to the persistent efforts of Michael Leventhal, these 34 chapters, which are written by leading practitioners in each of these areas, provide coverage of the primary approaches to these fundamental problems that stand in the way of so many potentially successful pharmacotherapeutic interventions. 

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