Thickness reduction

Figure 2. Resistivity change versus temperature for isochronal annealing (AT=I0K, At=l 5min) of Au-5at%Fe in the recrystallized (7) and deformed state ( ) (cold-rolled to about 80% thickness reduction).

Figure 4. Comparison of SRO-kinetics of Ag-23at%Zn for different states of defect atmealing. ( ) as-rolled state A (21% and 65% thickness reduction) (A), (0) isochronal defect annealing to 553K (state C) and 843K (state D), respectively, (A), 3h recrystallization treatment at 843K (state E). For more details see .

Such a change of the thickness of the compact layer (thickness reduction, Acdip< 0) due to the electrostatic pressure may be represented in terms of the conventional electric capacity Cm given by Eqn. 5-33 ... 

In a typical modeling approach, the material removal rate is modeled as a function of easily controlled process parameters. The most basic model is one that predicts the bulk rate of material removal in a macroscopic fashion. An empirical observation by Preston is widely used, in which the rate of material thickness reduction is proportial to the product of (a) the relative velocity between the wafer and the polish pad and (b) the pressure on the surface of the wafer ... 

The application areas of bimodal polyethylenes are the same as for corresponding uni-modal resins. However, improved product property combinations, such as stiffness-impact balance, result in products with higher performance. For example, without bimodal polyethylene and control over the MWD and comonomer incorporation, development of HDPE pipe materials with higher pressure classification would not have been possible [15, 16]. Another new opportunity is material reduction (source reduction) without compromising the properties of the ready-made plastic products. Depending on the end use, e.g. in film application a thickness reduction of 10-30% is possible. 

Figure 4.17 Pressure increase as a function of thickness reduction for various pressure dependence...

Since we know the thickness reduction and the draw ratio of the film, we can compute the blow-up ratio,... 

Figure 6.48 Striation thickness reduction as a function of number of revolutions in a Couette device.

The dependence of anion exclusion volume on particle thickness in the infinite-plane model arises solely from the geometric decrease in exclusion-specific surface area with an increase in particle thickness via quasicrystal formation [Eq. (13)]. Thus, on the infinite-plane model, the anion exclusion volume simply has an inverse relation to particle thickness. Reduction of the anion exclusion volume from an increase in particle thickness is, however, more complicated and more significant on the disk model (Fig. 6). An increase in particle thickness (or the number of unit layers... 

The presence of the Z-pins affected at least one series of specimens, resulting in a local thickness reduction of up to 0.25 mm. This was taken into account when the data from these specimens were interpreted. 

Due to the higher flexural modulus of SMC, such parts are molded with the thickness reduced to. 100 Inch. Thickness reductions are projected for all materials, however such speculative material use reduction measures were not considered. 

The observed decrease in intensity is simply a consequence of the significant film thickness reduction in the elongated sample. 

During hot rolling, the most important function of the lubricant is cooling but it should also reduce energy consumption, provide good surface quality of the rolling stock and achieve maximum thickness reduction of the rolled material. Thus, friction is also important. 

The high sensitivity of halogenated polymers seems to be attributed to their development characteristics, but in the case of EBR-9 (10) an enhanced probability in main chain scission due to the chlorine atom in a-position is also a contributing factor to the high sensitivity (23). Even in PMMA, stronger solvents can raise the sensitivity by about one order, but only at the expense of a serious thickness reduction in unexposed areas, or deterioration of pattern quality due to swelling. 

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