Thermospray ionization, in mass

Thermospray Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Time of Flight Mass Spectrometers... 

See also Atmospheric Pressure Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Biochemical Applications of Mass Spectrometry Chemical Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Chemical Structure Information from Mass Spectrometry Fast Atom Bombardment Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Forensic Science, Applications of Mass Spectrometry Hyphenated Techniques, Applications of in Mass Spectrometry Ion Molecule Reactions in Mass Spectrometry Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers Isotopic Labelling in Mass Spectrometry Medical Applications of Mass Spectrometry MS-MS and MS" Peptides and Proteins Studied Using Mass Spectrometry Quadrupoles, Use of in Mass Spectrometry Sector Mass Spectrometers Thermospray Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Time of Flight Mass Spectrometers. 

See also Ionization Theory Thermospray ionization in Mass Spectrometry. 

See also Ion Dissociation Kinetics, Mass Spectrometry Ion Structures in Mass Spectrometry Metastable Ions Photoelectron-Photoion Coincidence Methods in Mass Spectrometry (PEPICO) Proton Affinities Thermospray Ionization in Mass Spectrometry. 

See Atmospheric Pressure Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Chemical Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Fast Atom Bombardment Ionization in Mass Spectrometry Ionization Theory, Plasma Desorption Ionization in Mass Spectrometry, Thermospray Ionization in Mass Spectrometry. 

One of the reasons for lack offlterature was probably because environmental analysis depends heavily on gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, which is not suitable for most dyes because of their lack of volatility (254). However, significant progress is being made in analyzing nonvolatile dyes by newer mass spectral methods such as fast atom bombardment (EAB), desorption chemical ionization, thermospray ionization, etc. 

Electrospray ionization occurs by the same four steps as listed above for thermospray (see Section 4.6). In contrast to thermospray, and most other ionization methods nsed in mass spectrometry, it shonld be noted that electrospray ionization nnnsnally takes place at atmospheric pressure. A similar process carried out under vacuum is known as electrohydrodynamic ionization and gives rise to qnite different analytical results. This technique has not been developed into a commercial LC-MS interface and will not be considered further. 

Fischer, J. and J. Michael (1995). Thermospray ionization liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of hexazione metabolites in soil and vegetation extracts. J. Chromatogr. A, 704(1) 131-139. 

The LC/MS analyses were performed with either thermospray ionization (TSI) or particle beam (PB) interfaces. These systems successfully analyzed the labile, polar, or higher mass compounds, whereas a complementary gas chromatography (GC)/MS system was used for volatile compounds. The LC/MS system proved to be widely applicable to a range of chemically diverse compounds. The TSI and PB systems were both successful for 80-90% of the compounds analyzed. Automated, open-access LC/MS analyses performed well because sample throughput was expected to reach 250,000 in 1995. This throughput corresponds to approximately 1000 samples per day. 

GC-MS and Electron and Chemical Ionization (EI/CD-MS rely on the ability of organic species to survive volatilization prior to ionization. In many cases, this requires a degree of heating which often leads to decomposition. In desorption chemical ionization (DCI), field ionization (FI), thermospray (TSP) or fast atom bombardment (FAB) ionization occurs before volatilization, and measurement by the mass spectrometer often occurs before decomposition can result. These techniques have allowed determination of many high molecular weight and polar species, which could not previously be analyzed. 

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