Thermo-hydro-mechanical fractures

Stephansson, O., L. Jing and C.-F. Tsang. 1996. Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Processes of Fractured Media—Mathematical... 

Models and methods for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes of fractured rocks, in saturated conditions using crack-tensor approach (Liu et al., 2002), the equivalent continuum approach and FEM solution technique with consideration for two-phase flow of water/vapour due to phase change by evaporation for fully or partially saturated cases (Li et al., 2000). 

Fujita T., Kobayashi A. and Borgesson L. 1996. Experimental investigation and mathematical simulation on coupled T-H-M processes of the engineered buffer materials, the TC3 problem. In Stephansson O, Jing L, Tsang C-F editors. Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes of fractured media. Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, No.79, Amsterdam Elsevier, pp.369-392. 

Tijani, S.M. 1996. Short description of VIPLEF code. Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical processes of fractured media. Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, 79 507 - 511. 

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF VARIABLY COUPLED THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL PROCESSES IN FRACTURED POROUS MEDIA... 

Ohnishi, Y. and Kobayashi, A. 1996. THAMES. In Stephansson, O., Jing, L., and Tsang, C.-F. editors. Coupled Thermo-hydro-mechanical Processes of Fractured Media. Developments in Geotechnical Engineering, Elsevier, 79 pp. 545-549. 

Chan, T. Guvanasen, V. and Stanchell, F.W. 2003. Verification and validation of a three-dimensional finite-element code for coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical and Salinity (T-H-M-C) modelling in fractured rock mass. This conference. 

Numerical Approximation of Partial Differential Equations. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. Stephansson, 0., Jing, L., Tsang, C.F. (eds.) 1996. Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Processes of Fractured Media. Elsevier, Amsterdam. Stephansson, O. (ed.) 2001. DECOVALEX II. Special issue of Int. J. Rock. Mechanics and Mining Sciences 38(1). 

VERIFICATION AND VALIDATION OF A THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE-ELEMENT CODE FOR COUPLED THERMO-HYDRO-MECHANICAL AND SAUNITY (T-H-M-C) MODELLING IN FRACTURED ROCK MASSES... 

Abstract motif is a three-dimensional finite-element code developed to simulate groundwater flow, heat transfer and solute transport in deformable fractured porous media. The code has been subjected to an extensive verification and updating programme since the onset of its development. In this paper, additional verification and validation works with an emphasis on thermo-hydro-mechanical processes are presented. The verification results are based on cases designed to verify thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling terms, and isothermal and non-isothermal consolidations. A number of validation case studies have been conducted on the code. Example results are repotted in this paper. 

The six verification tests presented in this paper, along with other verification tests presented in the cited literature, have established the ability of the MOTIF finite-element code to accurately solve the equations of groundwater flow, solute and heat transport, and coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical phenomena in porous media, or in fractured media that can be adequately characterized by equivalent porous media (EPM) elements or a combination of EPM and discrete fracture elements. 

Rutqvist, J., Follin, S., Khair, K., Nguyen, S. and Wilcock, P. 1996. Experimental investigation and mathematical simulation of a borehole injection test in deformable rocks. In Coupled Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical Processes of Fractured Media,... 

The experiments conducted so far at the site in range of depths between 3000 and 3800 m show that hydraulic stimulation techniques can considerably increase the permeability in a rock volume that can extend up to several hundred meters around the well, thereby serving to establish connections between the wells. The major impact of the hydraulic stimulation could be explained by hydromechanical mechanisms (ruptures in fracture planes). However in the near well at the scale of some meters, a decrease of the impedancy is outlined via hydraulic vibration tests and is presently not well understood. As at this scale, the hydromechanical effect cannot be dissociated from the thermal effect due to the injection of a cold water in a hot media, the thermo-hydro-mechanical responses of the stimulated fractures must be investigated. 

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