Thermal transport property data

CEA requires two types of data that are common to all problems thermodynamic data and thermal transport property data. These two data sets include approximately 1340 gaseous and condensed species as reaction products and thermal transport property data for 155 gaseous species. The data sets may be extended or edited by the user. 

All trap-spectroscopic techniques that are based on thermal transport properties have in common that the interpretation of empirical data is often ambiguous because it requires knowledge of the underlying reaction kinetic model. Consequently, a large number of published trapping parameters—with the possible exception of thermal ionization energies in semiconductors—are uncertain. Data obtained with TSC and TSL techniques, particularly when applied to photoconductors and insulators, are no exceptions. 

Yaws. C.L Handbook of Transport Property Data f t w owi v. Thermal Conducrivit 1, and Diffusion Coefficient of I-tquids and Gases, Butterwonh-Heincmann, Inc., Woburn, MA. 1995. 

Yaws, C.L. (1995), Handbook of Transport Property Data Viscosity, Thermal Conductivity and Diffusion Coefficients of Liquids and Gases , Gulf, Houston. 

Since the graphical correlations of this paper do take into account the behavior of existing thermal conductivity data, since the critical-point loci for both thermal conductivity and viscosity have been better established, and since a means of accounting for quantum deviations through the parameter A has been utilized, the predicted transport property data presented above are believed to be considerably more reliable than the data previously available. 

The most extensive calculations and comparisons of this procedure are those reported by Hanley and his collaborators (Hanley et al. 1972). Naturally the comparisons have been limited to those substances for which extensive and accurate equations of state and transport property data are available. Figure 5.6 shows the results of the calculation of the viscosity and thermal conductivity of argon as a function of density for several isotherms using this procedure. The results are reported in the form of the excess properties. At and AA, defined by equation (3.1). 

Dense fluid transport property data are successfully correlated by a scheme which is based on a consideration of smooth hard-sphere transport theory. For monatomic fluids, only one adjustable parameter, the close-packed volume, is required for a simultaneous fit of isothermal self-diffusion, viscosity and thermal conductivity data. This parameter decreases in value smoothly as the temperature is raised, as expected for real fluids. Diffusion and viscosity data for methane, a typical pseudo-spherical molecular fluid, are satisfactorily reproduced with one additional temperamre-independent parameter, the translational-rotational coupling factor, for each property. On the assumption that transport properties for dense nonspherical molecular fluids are also directly proportional to smooth hard-sphere values, self-diffusion, viscosity and thermal conductivity data for unbranched alkanes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkan-l-ols, certain refrigerants and other simple fluids are very satisfactorily fitted. From the temperature and carbon number dependency of the characteristic volume and the carbon number dependency of the proportionality (roughness) factors, transport properties can be accurately predicted for other members of these homologous series, and for other conditions of temperature and density. Furthermore, by incorporating the modified Tait equation for density into... 

Calorimetric studies have played a significant role in providing information on energy effects near many liquid crystal phase transitions and complimented structural information from X-ray investigations. The vast majority of thermal information concerns calorimetric data on the static thermal quantities enthalpy, H, or specific heat capacity, Cp. However, recently high-resolution results for thermal transport properties have also been obtained. 

Ideal gas properties and other useful thermal properties of propylene are reported iu Table 2. Experimental solubiUty data may be found iu References 18 and 19. Extensive data on propylene solubiUty iu water are available (20). Vapor—Hquid—equiUbrium (VLE) data for propylene are given iu References 21—35 and correlations of VLE data are discussed iu References 36—42. Henry s law constants are given iu References 43—46. Equations for the transport properties of propylene are given iu Table 3. 

Available data on the thermodynamic and transport properties of carbon dioxide have been reviewed and tables compiled giving specific volume, enthalpy, and entropy values for carbon dioxide at temperatures from 255 K to 1088 K and at pressures from atmospheric to 27,600 kPa (4,000 psia). Diagrams of compressibiHty factor, specific heat at constant pressure, specific heat at constant volume, specific heat ratio, velocity of sound in carbon dioxide, viscosity, and thermal conductivity have also been prepared (5). 

Key material properties for SOFC, such as the ionic conductivity as a function of temperature, are available in refs 36—39. In addition, Todd and Young ° compiled extensive data and presented estimation methods for the calculation of diffusion coefficients, thermal conductivities, and viscosities for both pure components and mixtures of a wide variety of gases commonly encountered in SOFCs. Another excellent source of transport properties for gases and mixtures involved in a SOFC is the CHEMKIN thermodynamic database. ... 

Tc-composition diagram, 421 thermal stability, 355-6 transport properties, 359-61 variations with x-value properties, 396-7 structure, 354,397-403 crystallographic data, 399, 401... 

C hiilloner and Powell have measured the thermal conductivity of water trnm OT to K0 C Lawson and Co-workers conducted extensive studies on the thermal conductivity of water from 30 C to 130°C up to pressures of 114,000 psia.W These data are shown in Figure 44-13 Thciss and Thodos have developed a reduced state correlation for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of water and steam.101 They report the critical point transport properties as 0.043 centipoisc and 55.3 x 10 - calorics. cm-sec T... 

AirCIri). This is an executable program for any air-cooler condenser. The inputted Q will be the heat duty transferred. Data inputs for condenser tube-side transport property values of viscosity, thermal conductivity, and specific heat should be determined as for two-phase flow values calculated in Chap. 6. Use the average tube-side temperature for these condensing film transport property values. Weighted average values between gas and liquid should also be determined and applied like that used in the two-phase flow equations in Chap. 6. 

There are some density data for solid salts above ambient temperature which are given in the form of thermal expansion coefficients. These have been listed when they seemed reliable. Above the melting point, density data are scarce. Most are available for alkali halides but those available for salts are taken from the critically evaluated compilation Janz, G.J., Thermodynamics and transport properties for molten salts, correlation equations for critically evaluated density, surface tension, electrical conductance, and viscosity data,./. Phys. Chem. Reference Data, 17, Suppl. 2, 1988. 

The purpose of this appendix is to review the experimental data available in the scientific literature for the transport properties (viscosity and thermal conductivity) of hydrogen sulfide or perhaps more accurately, the purpose is to demonstrate the paucity of data available for this important industrial compound. 

After writing mass balances, energy balances, and equilibrium relations, we need system property data to complete the formulation of the problem. Here, we divide the system property data into thermodynamic, transport, transfer, reaction properties, and economic data. Examples of thermodynamic properties are heat capacity, vapor pressure, and latent heat of vaporization. Transport properties include viscosity, thermal conductivity, and difiusivity. Corresponding to transport properties are the transfer coefficients, which are friction factor and heat and mass transfer coefficients. Chemical reaction properties are the reaction rate constant and activation energy. Finally, economic data are equipment costs, utility costs, inflation index, and other data, which were discussed in Chapter 2. 

The values in this table were generated from the NIST REFPROP software (Lemmon, E. W, McLinden, M. O., and Huber, M. L., NIST Standard Reference Database 23 Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties—REFPROP, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, Md., 2002, Version 7.1). The primary source for the thermodynamic properties is Lemmon, E. W., and Span, R., Short Fundamental Equations of State for 20 Industrial Fluids, /, Chem. Eng. Data, 51(3) 785 50,2006. Validatedequationsforthe viscosity and thermal conductivity are not currently available for this fluid. 

---