Thermal-induced effects

Taylor and Fabes compared the chemophysical properties of silica sol-gel coatings after irradiation with CO2 and Nd YAG lasers with those of furnace-fired samples [67]. The laser-fired films showed a steady increase in the refractive index throughout most part of the densification process, whereas the 

Many studies have been devoted to the densification, through heating, of oxides for optical applications that make use of CO2 laser because its 10.6 pm line is efficiently absorbed by the oxide lattices however, the use of excimers and Nd YAG lasers is also extensively reported. The use of CO2 laser, in fact, allows efficient firing of not only Si02 but also Ti02, Ta203, and WO3 [66,69]. 

In some cases, the functional properties of the oxides have also been improved when compared with oven-fired tungsten oxide, laser-fired WO3, for instance, has shown an increase in the electrochromic response up to the point where crystallization of the materials retarded this effect 

---

The significantly faster PuF6(g) fluorescence decay rate found using 532 nm excitation is unlikely to be due to a thermally induced effect (e.g. pyrolysis). The optical absorption coefficients of PuF6(g) at 532 nm is at most twice as large as at 1064 nm (15) Assuming the 1064 nm absorption... 

Tests using hemicellulosic extracts from several different pulp stocks indicate that little if any discoloration is caused by exposure of these components to visible and near-UV radiation or even radiation at 254 nm (UV). In the continuing quest to understand the causes of discoloration in paper, these results support the contention that the tendency of hemicelluloses to lead to discoloration is primarily a thermally induced effect. 

Due to the absorbed photon energy in the moment of the beam admission the particles and the substrate surface warm up very fast. As a consquence of the thermal induced stresses between the relative brittle hard particles, some particles brake apart and, because of the released impulse energy, they are ejected out of the effective beam zone, transmission... 

This section deals mainly with the interaction of thermal models as outlined in Section J 1.3 and airflow models as described in Section 11.4 for the purpose of integrated modeling of thermally induced (stack-driven) natural ventilation, governed by the thermal behavior of the building. For the integrated analysis ol air velocity fields and radiative and thermal effects in the building using CFD codes, see also Section 11.2 and Ott and Schild.-... 

A massive amount of propane is instantaneously released in an open field. The cloud assumes a flat, circular shape as it spreads. When the internal fuel concentration in the cloud is about 10% by volume, the cloud s dimensions are approximately 1 m deep and 100 m in diameter. Then the cloud reaches an ignition source at its edge. Because turbulence-inducing effects are absent in this situation, blast effects are not anticipated. Therefore, thermal radiation and direct flame contact are the only hazardous effects encountered. Wind speed is 2 m/s. Relative humidity is 50%. Compute the incident heat flux as a function of time through a vertical surface at 100 m distance from the center of the cloud. 

Where overheating effects develop, they may be of either a long- or short-term nature and may result in thermally induced corrosion or metal failure. 

Fatigue corrosion occurring as Thermal fatigue cracking (thermal effect corrosion Corrosion fatigue Cycles of thermally induced stress leads to metal failure. Results from a combination of thermal cycling stress and SCC or other corrosion process. 

It is interesting to compare the thermal-treatment effect on the secondary structure of two proteins, namely, bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and photosynthetic reaction centers from Rhodopseudomonas viridis (RC). The investigation was done for three types of samples for each object-solution, LB film, and self-assembled film. Both proteins are membrane ones and are objects of numerous studies, for they play a key role in photosynthesis, providing a light-induced charge transfer through membranes—electrons in the case of RC and protons in the case of BR. 

Some effects of thermal instability have been noted [Eqs. (32) and (59)]. Formation of coupling products, e.g., biaryls, has sometimes been attributed to thermally induced self-coupling of organometallics formed by decarboxylation (1,20). 

Deans [192] have proposed a method for the colorimetric determination of traces of phosphorus with molybdenum blue, making use of the laser-induced thermal lensing effect. The procedure is described, and the results obtained on samples of sea water and lake water are presented. 

Final remarks. The 14C-KIE and 2H-SKIE data presented in this Section (VLB) clearly indicate the usefulness of isotope effect methodology in studies of mechanistic details of thermally induced Claisen rearrangement, which provides a synthetic route to y,5-unsaturatcd carbonyl compounds. The primary and secondary 14C KIE supplement strongly the deuterium SKIE. Especially easy for interpretation are 14C and 2H isotope... 

---