Therapeutics cell therapy

Our ability to characterize EPCs and identify those subtypes most useful for cardiac cell therapy has advanced rapidly but is still incomplete. Nonetheless, as the positive results of initial preclinical and clinical studies have shown, EPCs show great therapeutic promise. 

Despite many unresolved issues related to treatment dose, timing, and delivery, the clinical potential of stem cell therapy for cardiovascular disease is enormous. The expectations of both patients and clinicians for this new therapeutic modality, however, are high and to achieve the full potential stem cell therapy has to offer will require continued cooperation and future close collaboration between basic and clinical scientists. 

Cell therapy program Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. COMPANY WORLD WIDE WEB SITE 1999 June 09. 

FDA grants Fast Track status to Osiris s GvHD stem cell therapy Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. PRESS RELEASE 2005 January 31. 

Templeton NS (ed) (2008) Gene and cell therapy therapeutic mechanisms and strategies. Marcel Dekker, New York... 

The book is comprised of five sections with part I covering systemic and endoluminal therapy with an incisive overview of hemostasis and thrombosis part II covers local therapy with several chapters devoted to drug-eluting stents and restenosis therapies part III covers cell therapy and therapeutic angiogenesis and includes chapters on cell transplantation and clinical trials in cellular therapy part IV covers adjunctive pharmacotherapy with chapters devoted to various patient populations including those with heart failure, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, peripheral artery disease,... 

Walsh (2003) defined biopharmaceuticals as therapeutic protein or nucleic acid preparations made by techniques involving recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology. Therapeutic proteins include blood clotting factors and plasminogen activators, hemopoietic factors, hormones, interferons and interleukins, and monoclonal antibodies (LeVine, 2006). Over time, the term biopharmaceutical has broadened, and, in addition to proteins and nucleic acids, now includes bacteriophages, viral and bacterial vaccines, vectors for gene therapy, and cells for cell therapy (Primrose and Twyman, 2004). Attention here focuses on proteins, since the majority of approved biopharmaceuticals are proteins. 

As an alternative to adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells can be used. These are totipotent and can be obtained from the internal blastocyst cell mass. Because of the capacity of these cells to generate any type of functional cell, their manipulation and differentiation have gained in significance. In spite of recent advances (Daley, 2003 Hwang et al., 2004), knowledge on the control of their differentiation and proliferation is still lacking, but will be necessary to make the exploitation of all their therapeutic potential turn into reality. Further discussion on cell therapy can be found in Chapter 20. 

Advances in stem cell therapy have received a great deal of press in recent years. Unfortunately, when public expectations have been raised, patients are likely to search for non-orthodox sources of treatment. There are tens of thousands of internet pages extolling the promise of stem cells, and various forms of stem cell therapy are available on a commercial basis in a number of countries, including China, South America, and Eastern Europe. However, most administer the stem cells in an uncontrolled way and do not have long term follow-up so that rational scientific conclusions cannot be reached. The science provides hope for potential therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative diseases, but it is in its early stages and much is still needed to be learned about how to control stem cell proliferation, differentiation into specific cells and optimal functional recovery in animal models before human trials. The collection and use of human fetal tissue may also raise ethical concerns. 

Scientific and technical developments offer opportunities for innovation. Medical imaging, new techniques of microsurgery, biotechnology, and genetic and cell therapies are examples of such developments. Knowledge of the humein genome and the patentability of gene functions will profoundly influence therapeutic approaches. 

Cell therapy is a potential therapeutic approach for AD. Tricyclodecan-9-yTxanthogenate (D609) was used to induce human mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Wharton jelly of the umbilical cord (HUMSCs) to differentiate into neuron-like cells... 

In summary, there are many stem cell types that have the potential for cardiac repair, but more sophisticated cell culture and TE approaches need to be developed. In addition, the main obstacle influencing cell therapeutic efflcacy is the high death rate of donor stem cells after transplantation. Fabrication of biomaterial scaffolds with suitable nanostructure could be a feasible strategy for optimizing stem cell therapy for cardiac regeneration. 

Inhibition of degradation prior to reaching site of action Production of therapeutic substances inside the body Gene therapy Cell therapy... 

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