Theory-based safety described

The travel career ladder approach was developed by Pearce (1988, 1991b, 1993b), Pearce and Caltabiano (1983) and Moscardo and Pearce (1986a) and was based in part on Maslow s (1970) needs-hierarchy theory of motivation. The travel career ladder (TCL) describes tourist motivation as consisting of five different levels relaxation needs, safety/security... 

Systems theory provides a much better foundation for safety engineering than the classic analytic reduction approach underlying event-based models of accidents. It provides a way forward to much more powerful and effective safety and risk analysis and management procedures that handle the inadequacies and needed extensions to current practice described in chapter 2. 

It is very clear from the complexity of the situations described in the case studies of the last two chapters, that simple factors of safety, load factors, partial factors or even notional probabilities of failure can cover only a small part of a total description of the safety of a structure. In this chapter we will try to draw some general conclusions from the incidents described as well as others not discussed in any detail in this book. The conclusions will be based upon the general classification of types of failure presented in Section 7.2. Subjective assessments of the truth and importance of the checklist of parameter statements within that classification are analysed using a simple numerical scale and also using fuzzy set theory. This leads us on to a tentative method for the analysis of the safety of a structure yet to be built. The method,however, has several disadvantages which can be overcome by the use of a model based on fuzzy logic. At the end of the chapte(, the discussion of the various possible measures of uncertainty is completed. 

Nevertheless, a more structured and time-efficient system was needed in order to introduce such an approach to the whole workforce. It was around this time that two of the current authors published an article in the RoSPA journal, entitled, A fatal inversion (Makin and Sutherland, 1991). The authors described the weaknesses inherent in the traditional approaches to safety improvement and the underlying theory of a behaviour-based approach. As a result of this, and after several meetings, it was agreed that it would be appropriate to involve the UMIST team of occupational psychologists in a safety improvement initiative for the company and that the focus would be on ... 

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