Dominated Alternative

Alternative i is dominated by alternative k if and only if for all j = 1, 2. p and for at least one j,f y. In other words, the criteria values of alternative k are as good as those of alternative i and, for at least one criterion, alternative k is better than i. 

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Eliminate the dominated alternatives (extended dominance). Project C is eliminated from the health care projects, and project L from the roads projects (Table 8.2). 

Taking an opposite position, Bouyssou (1999, pp. 975-976) is critical of using DEA for selection and ranking problems because DEA does not discriminate between efficiency and convex efficiency leading to discrimination problems in the selection case and arbitrary rankings of convexly dominated alternatives. Furthermore, the ranking DEA returns only consists of each DMUs efficiency measure E. A direct interpretation of the values is impossible because it is related to the virtual DMU which is different for every DMU. Consequently, trade-off analyses to qualitatively assess the different performance levels via drill-downs into a subset of the criteria (inputs) are not supported. 

Many tentative hypotheses have been proposed to understand the dominance, alternation and succession of P. globosa fife forms, i.e., nano-planktonic cells and large gelatinous colonies... 

Fishburn (1971) has suggested strengthening the Pareto principle to require that removing a Pareto dominated alternative from Y does not change the social choice set. He calls this condition the reduction principle, RP. 

To show that F6 satisfies M, we consider two possible cases. First, suppose there is an alternative that beats all others in majority comparisons. If this is the case, then FS(Y,D) is a singleton and the condition will be satisfied trivially. If ther is no dominant alternative, then F2 is used. However, we already demonstrated that F2 satisfies M. Therefore, Fs will satisfy M. 

The compilation of such data constituted a firm basis that was used to study a specific and more complicated system the elucidation of the electronic structure of a copolymer of ethylene (48%) and tetrafluoroethylene (52%) whose synthesis was conducted in order to maximize the alternating sequences. The valence band spectrum of such a compound (Figure 8) was found very similar to the one measured e.g. for poly(vinylidene fluoride). But, by looking to the fine details of the spectrum, by simulating the valence band of a block copolymer (by addition of PE and PTFE spectra), and by comparison with model calculations, it was possible to show that the C-C band width and the distance F2s-top of the C-C band were characteristic of an ethylene-tetrafluoro-ethylene copolymer with dominant alternant structure (28). 

This problem concerns thcrmod Tiamic equilibrium and multiple reactions. It is usually assigned at th.e graduate level. The heat of isomerization must be calculated at temperature below lOO C where no other reactions are dominate alternate to F6-5. 

Dominance is obviously a normative decision rule, since a dominated alternative can never be better than the alternative that dominates it. Dominance is also conceptually simple, but it can be difficult to detect when there are many alternatives to consider or many possible consequences. The use of tests for dominance by decision makers in naturalistic settings in discussed further in Section 5.1.5. 

If one alternative dominates aU others, it is said to be globally dominant, and the decision maker need look no further the optimal solution has been found. Unfortunately, globally dominant alternatives are rare. But in any event, the dominance principle is frequently effective in reducing the number of alternatives to be considered. 

In those assessment tasks where technical, economic, ecological, and social criteria have to be regarded there are usually no clearly dominating alternatives. Hence, solutions clearly superior to all other alternatives are unlikely. Advantages and disadvantages of certain alternatives need to be traded off. The complex dependencies and the amount of information that has to be processed in most... 

Potential competing processes existed in 1912, and more arose very quickly. Two dominant alternatives to the Burton process were the Dubbs and the Holmes-Manley thermal processes and two similar catalytic processes advanced by the Texas Company (Texaco) and by Gulf Refining (Gulf and Texaco are now incorporated into Chevron). 

In the ISO/IEC Guide 51 1999, it is clear that some tolerance criteria has to be defined, as inALARP, however it does not suggest any procedure to deal with the simation where the limits has already been satisfied, even how to choose between non dominated alternatives considering multiple risk dimensions. 

Once defined which kind of problematic, if it is a choice, ranking, sorting or a portfolio problem it will start a search of alternatives to compose the set of actions or alternatives. This step should be extensive and exhaustive to fill this set with as much alternatives as possible, except by those which can be previously considered as dominated alternatives. This is a quite important step, it avoids situation were good alternatives are neglected. 

An alternative that is not dominated by any other feasible alternatives is called non-dominated, Pareto optimal, or efficient alternative. For a non-dominated alternative, an increase in the value of any one criterion is not possible without a decrease in the value of at least one other criterion. 

Regardless of the outcome from public concern over wind projects, to some they will only ever be a partial solution to our alternative energy needs. They point to an array of other alternatives that are available, particularly various solar options, as the eventual dominant alternative energy form. Ultimately, most futurists look to a time when our lives are powered by direct use of the sun, both to provide hot water and to make electricity (Jha, 2009). 

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