The Standard Oil Company

Ill 1923, GM set up a special chemical division, the GM Chemical Co., to market the new additive. However, GM became dissatisfied with DuPont s progress at the plant. In order to augment its TEL supply, and to push DuPont into accelerating its pace of production, GM called upon the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey (later Esso/Exxon) to set up its own process independently of DuPont. In fact, Jersey Standard had obtained the rights to an ethyl chloride route to TEL. This turned out to be a far cheaper process than the bromide technology. By the niid-1920s, both DuPont and Jersey were producing TEL. 

Sun attempted to resolve these problems by improving upon the fixed-bed process. The Sacony-Vacuum Company (formerly the Standard Oil company of New York and the future Mobil Oil) was the... 

During the late 1950 s, chemists at the Standard Oil Company of Ohio worked... 

The Standard Oil Company (Ohio), 4440 Warrensville Center Road, Cleveland, OH 44128 I. PIIRMA... 

During the war, an article written by R. T. Haslam of the Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) appeared in the American magazine Petroleum Times. Haslam attempted to justify the dealings between Standard Oil and Farben with the argument that Standard Oil had gotten the best of the deal. 

SOHIO [Standard Ohio] The Standard Oil Company of Ohio (later BP Chemicals America) has developed many processes, but its ammoxidation process, for converting propylene to acrylonitrile, is the one mostly associated with its name. First operated in the United States in 1960, it is the predominant process for making acrylonitrile used in the world today. Jacobs, M., Ind. Eng. Chem., 1996, 74(41), 40. 

Butyl rubber was discovered by R.M. Thomas and W.J. Sparks in 1937, and was developed by the Standard Oil Company (New Jersey) and was part of an exchange of information between the German chemical giant LG. Farbenindustrie AG and Standard Oil. 

The methanesulfonic acid is a commercial product supplied by the Standard Oil Company of Indiana and reported to be 95% pure and to contain 2% water. 

The Standard Oil Company of Ohio or SOHIO (now BP Amoco) developed and commercialized in 1960 a fluidized bed process in which the catalytic oxidation of a mixture of propylene and ammonia produced acrylonitrile (ACRN). By-products from this reaction are HCN and acetonitrile. The yields of HCN depend on the process conditions and on the catalyst system131. The reactions are ... 

Using the assumptions outlined above, an estimate of hydrogen requirements for heteroatom removal can be made. This estimate is shown in Table IV. This particular shale oil is, in fact, the Paraho shale oil (direct heated mode) which was hydrotreated for the U.S. Navy by The Standard Oil Company (Ohio). Results from hydrotreating tests on this oil were reported by Robinson (3). The hydrotreater was said to add about 1,600 SCF per barrel of shale oil feed (12.05 kmol/m3). However, complete heteroatom removal was not achieved during hydrotreating. The composition of the hydrotreated whole shale oil was reported as ... 

The third factor was the attendance of nine well-known carbon scientists from Europe and Japan in the 1984 symposium. Support for their attendance was obtained by a grant from The Petroleum Research Fund supplemented by contributions from the following industrial sponsors Aluminum Company of America, Ashland Petroleum Company, Arco Petroleum Products Company, Exxon Research Development Laboratories, GA Technologies Inc., Gulf Canada, Ltd., Gulf Research Development Company, Koppers Company, Inc., Mobil Oil Corporation, The Standard Oil Company (Ohio), and UOP, Inc. 

Company, Arco Oil and Gas Company, Chevron Oil Field Research Company, Exxon Production Research Company, the Mobil Foundation, Shell Development Company, and the Standard Oil Company. Discussions with W.J. Benton on various aspects of the experimental techniques were most helpful. 

A second process using complex as the catalyst was independently developed by the Standard Oil Company (Indiana) and by the Texas Company (25,26). A simplified flow diagram of this liquid-phase process is shown in Figure 17. A portion of the dried and heated feed passes through a saturator where aluminum chloride is picked up in accordance with the solubility curve shown in Figure 8. The total feed combined with re( y< le hydrogen chloride enters the bottom of the reactor and... 

The other commercialized pentane process is that of the Standard Oil Company (Indiana) (8,26). This process differs from the Standard (Indiana)—Texas butane process in that 0.5% benzene is added to inhibit disproportionation and the make-up aluminum chloride is added directly to the reactor as a slurry. 

The only commercial isomerization of light naphtha was carried out in two plants employing the Isomate process developed by the Standard Oil Company (Indiana). In this process (26), a feed containing normal pentane and low-octane-number hexanes is converted to isopentane and hexanes of higher octane number. Pentanes and hexanes in any ratio can be processed. By recycle of selected fractions of the product, concentrates of isopentane or of neohexane (2,2-dimethylbutane) and diisopropyl (2,3-dimethylbutane) can be made as the final products. 

In the fluid-catalyst process, finely divided catalyst powder is continuously circulated from reactor to regenerator and back again without mechanical means. The fluid process was originated by the Standard Oil Development Company, the research organization of the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, in collaboration with The M. W. Kellogg Company and Standard Oil Company (Indiana). Other companies participating in the development were Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, Ltd., Shell Oil Company, The Texas Company, and Universal Oil Products Company. This process was first announced in 1941 (48). 

Brazdil, J.F. Cavalcanti, A.P. Padolewski, J.P. Method for Preparing Vanadium Antimony Oxide Based Oxidation and Ammoxidation Catalysts US Patent 5,693,587, Dec 2, 1997 [assigned to The Standard Oil Company of Ohio (Sohio/BP)]. 

This work was partially supported by the following sponsors General Electric Company, Northeast Utilities, New York State Energy Research and Development Authority, The Standard Oil Company (SOHIO), The University of Rochester, and Empire State Electric Energy Research Corporation, and NSF grant PCM-80-18488. Such support does not imply endorsement of the content by any of the above parties. 

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