The Recipe for Success

Now although condition (4) is irksome, it has an important consequence in that the value of Xg is almost God given. From the definition in Table 1, using the values 

This tells us straightaway that for an efficient cell we must have 

Given the value of we can also deduce the minimum value of X] from eqn (3) 

Now the concentration of Y is fixed by the fact that Y must carry the current from the illuminated region to the dark electrode without causing concentration polarisation at the dark electrode. Therefore the concentration of Y depends on X] the thickness of the cell. We take Xi = 10 cm and this gives, using the flux of an 

Finally the same considerations aoply to the concentration of Z as to the concentration of Y in that the flux through the cell must not deplete Z in the vicinity of the illuminated electrode or else the capture of A will be inefficient. From the point of view of the voltage generated by the cell, it is desirable to have z as small as possible. So, like Y, we find 

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Based on these findings, another starting point for modifications besides modifying the labile coligand is the NHC ligand itself, especially since there are many more carbenes known and accessible. One of the many possible modifications turned out to be very successful and can—based on its catalytic activity and catalyst lifetime—be considered as the third generation of NHC catalysts in olefin metathesis. The recipe for success is to use NHCs with saturated backbones, i.e., imidazolidin-2-ylidenes. ... 

The recipe for success was to select the right polymer. If polyethylene glycol [PEG or more correctly poly(oxyethylene)] was used, the problems associated with solid phase variation, namely those concerning reactivity and diffusion, were overcome, and conditions typical of chemistry in solution could be restored at the same time. Additionally, the operative advan-... 

In eqn (14) the load on the cell has been optimised to achieve the maximum power. The collection efficiency is close to unity and there is a fill factor of about 0 8. The 0-04 V term which reduces the cell voltage from AE arises from the fact that the concentration of B is less than that of A at the illuminated electrode and so there is a Nernst term. If one expresses this power output as a power conversion efficiency then the theoretical ideal cell could achieve efficiencies as high as 20%. However this requires that all the different conditions in the recipe for success should be met. Can this be achieved ... 

A chemical synthesis requires the proper amounts of starting materials for a successful outcome. Just as a cake recipe provides the amounts of ingredients needed for successful baking, a balanced chemical equation is a chemical recipe for successful synthesis. For example, how many grams of hydrogen do we need to produce 68 g of ammonia To find out, we begin with the balanced chemical equation N2 + 3 H2 2 NH3... 

The other area in which projection of an unrestricted result has received attention is projected Mpller-Plesset perturbation theory, the PUMPn methods [31], where n is the order of the perturbation theory. In cases in which the UHF approximation is a poor starting point (considerable spin contamination, for example), the convergence of the MP perturbation expansion can be slow and/or erratic. The PUMP methods apply projection operators to the perturbation expansion, although usually not full projection but simply annihilation of the leading contaminants. This approach has met with mixed success again, it represents a rather expensive modification to a technique that was originally chosen partly for its economy — seldom a recipe for success. 

As to N,N-dialkylhomologues of MDA, the N,N-dimethyl has been separately entered in the recipe for MDDM. Two efforts were made to prepare the N,N-diethyl homologue of MDA. The reasonable approach of reducing a mixture of diethylamine hydrochloride and 3,4-methylenedioxyphenylacetone in methanol with sodium cyanoborohydride was hopelessly slow and gave little product. The reversal of the functionality was successful. Treatment of MDA (as the amine) and an excess of acetaldehyde (as the carbonyl source) with sodium borohydride in a cooled acidic medium gave, after acid-base workup, a fluid oil that distilled at 85-90 °C at 0.15 mm/Hg and was converted in isopropanol with concentrated hydrochloric acid to 3,4-methylenedioxy-N,N-diethylamphetamine (MDDE) with amp of 177-178 °C. Anal. (C14H22ClNO,) N. 

After participating in over 75 waste reduction or treatment programs, one thing has become clear—there is a recipe for success. We have found that successful pollution prevention programs are characterized by the following four success factors ... 

Most importantly, the chart indicates how two classes with new modes of action, the neonicotinoids and strobilurins, both introduced in the last decade, continue to stimulate the market, suggesting that a focus on new modes of action remains an excellent recipe for success. 

Poisoning makes good drama. Witness Arsenic Old Lace - a play by Joseph Kesselring that achieved its greatest success in the Frank Capra film version about two elderly matrons who are ultimately less than cordial to certain gentlemen visitors. Aunt Martha is very forthcoming with the recipe for the drinks they supply ... 

It is important to point out that this does not imply that Markovian stochastic equations cannot be used in descriptions of condensed phase molecular processes. On the contrary, such equations are often applied successfully. The recipe for a successful application is to be aware of what can and what cannot be described with such approach. Recall that stochastic dynamics emerge when seeking coarsegrained or reduced descriptions of physical processes. The message from the timescales comparison made above is that Markovian descriptions are valid for molecular processes that are slow relative to environmental relaxation rates. Thus, with Markovian equations of motion we cannot describe molecular nuclear motions in detail, because vibrational periods (10 " s) are short relative to environmental relaxation rates, but we should be able to describe vibrational relaxation processes that are often much slower, as is shown in Section 8.3.3. 

High conductivity but a complete lack of dimensional stability is not a recipe for success. The viscosity of some completely amorphous, high conductivity polymer electrolyte materials including MEEP and certain early, over-plasticized PEO-based systems, is too low for the electrolyte to remain in position. 

Several examples of polymer-polymer incompatibility in aqueous solution are given in Reference 3, whereas de Hek and Vrij (4) recently described a phase separation in a solvent in which both polymer and colloidal spheres were dissolved. Ph se separation can be suppressed by reducing the molecular weight of the polymers. Reduction of the salinity reduces the size of the surfactant micelles and indeed also the polymer-surfactant incompatibilities (5,6). Actually, reduction of the salinity of the polymer drive, even without direct reference to polymer/surfactant incompatibilities, has recently become a favorable recipe for successful micellar floods (7-9). 

Quick decisions will go a long way in timely resolving the impact of residual uncertainties if and when these occur and adequate resources are mobilized to make assessment and subsequent remediation to overcome the same. Effective communication and co-ordination between Geologist, Designer and site engineer is recipe for successful execution of tasks. 

Therefore in eqn (5) to (12) we have the recipe for a successful photogalvanic cell as regards the homogeneous part of the system. The concentration profiles for the ideal cell are illustrated in figure 3. 

Marks and Spencer is regarded as a UK retailing institution and is one of Europe s leading retailers. M S built its reputation on a combination of reliability, qu ity and service and for decades this proved to be a recipe for success. Underpinning this was a close, more or less paternalistic, relationship with its supply base, which until late in the twentieth century was almost exclusively made up of UK... 

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