The methodological basis

These questions constitute the methodological challenge of this study and therefore require a more detailed discussion. 

Conventional Cl as typically found Organic 01 as typically found 

Integrated C2 using best management Best oi anic 02 using best management 

Integrated plus C3 integrated plus Best oi anic 03 best organic 

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Under development of the Program on Safety Improvement of NPP with Rector Facilities WWER-1000, WWER-440 as the methodological basis the IAEA classification was adopted as to extent of impact from considered deviations from upon the in-depth-protection (lAEA-EBP-WWER-05). Subdivision of deviations into four categories according to their safety-significance allowed to identify the main directions of work and list of the immediate measures of significant impact upon safety which could be undertaken in the visible terms, namely, by 1998. 

The methodological basis of the evolutionary approach, which is implemented in a software package developed at the authors institute is described in Figure 11.3 and consists of the following steps ... 

Since until recently there has been no demand for a similar representation of the results of investigations, the methodological basis for setting up such systems of equations is poorly developed. In this work an attempt to partially fill this gap has been made. 

The methodological basis of many of these is as follows. Benefit... 

Even after 30 years of research activity in the field, my personal experience encompasses only a fraction of the methodologies included in the book. I have selected the methods and examples on the basis of utility and reliability as judged by frequency of application in the literature or by indication that specific procedures are especially convenient. I will welcome comments from chemists whose experience, good or bad, will help in recognizing the best of the many methods that are available. 

The basis for collection philosophy of a flare system is based upon an economic evaluation. The methodology is outlined in the next subsection. 

This case study illustrates how the methodologies described in Chapter 6 can be used to analyze plant incidents and identify the root causes of the problems. Based on this information, specific error reduction strategies can be developed to prevent similar incidents from occurring in the future. Also, the findings of such an analysis can provide the basis for more general discussions about the prevalence of similar error inducing conditions in other plant areas. 

A scientific theory T (in conjunction with accepted auxiliary assumptions) deductively entails some empirical sentence e e is, moreover, true (or, rather, accepted as true on the basis of experiment or observation). Does the extent to which this success lends confirmation or support to T depend on whether e describes some state of affairs that was unknown at the time of Ts articulation or instead on whether it describes some already well known state of affairs The methodological issue of whether, roughly speaking, successful prediction counts more for a theory than successful accommodation formed a celebrated part of the debate between William Whewell and John Stuart Mill. The latter, while allowing that successful predictions were well calculated to impress the ignorant vulgar , expressed utter... 

J. Malek u. F. Zdf.nf.r, ubersetzt durch J. Liebster, Theoretical and methodological basis of continuous culture of microorganisms, Prague, Publ. House of the Geelios lava Acad, of Science, Academic Press, New York London 1966. 

Shiklomanov, I. A. and Sokolov, A. A. (1983). Methodological basis of world water balance investigation and computation. In "New Approaches in Water Balance Computations." International Association for Hydrological Sciences Publication No. 148 (Proceedings of the Hamburg Symposium). 

The remarkable selectivity that is inherent in the reaction of an antibody with the antigen or hapten against which it was raised is the basis for the extensive use of immunoassay for the rapid analysis of samples in clinical chemistry. Immunochemical reactions offer a means by which the applicability of potentiometric techniques can be broadened. A number of strategies for incorporating immunoassay into the methodology of potentiometry have been explored... 

Comparison between the model and ab initio calculations are greatly facilitated since exactly the same basis sets and methodology are used in both. 

In an effort to put powder flow studies and hopper design on a more fundamental basis, Jenike [45] developed a powder shear tester and methodology that permits an assessment of powder flow properties as a function of consolidation load and time as well as powder-hopper material interactions. The methodology has been used extensively in the study of pharmaceutical materials [39,58-61]. From the yield loci obtained using this method, several parameters can be determined that influence powder flow, and discussions of these points are well documented in the literature [49,62,63]. 

In this section, we combine discussion of choice of reactor type and of experimental methods so as to develop the basis for the methodology of experimentation. We focus... 

This chapter focuses on two main subjects. It will first deal with knowledge and methodologies of good practice in the study of chemical and microbial processes in wastewater collection systems. The information on such processes is provided by investigations, measurements and analyses performed at bench, pilot and field scale. Second, it is the objective to establish the theoretical basis for determination of parameters to be used for calibration and validation of sewer process models. These main objectives of the chapter are integrated sampling, pilot-scale and field measurements and laboratory studies and analyses are needed to determine wastewater characteristics, including those kinetic and stoichiometric parameters that are used in models for simulation of the site-specific sewer processes. 

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