The Greening Process

Other processing media which embrace the green processing concept are the use of liquefied gases (e.g., LCO2) and certain liquids under pressure above their boiling point. By the application of external pressure, liquids such as... 

The impact of Chls on the assembly of lightharvesting Chi a/b complexes can be easily investigated by studying the greening process of,... 

Reverse Osmosis Design, Processes, and Applications for Engineers 2nd Edition, by Jane Kucera, ISBN 9781118639740. This is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the green process of reverse osmosis in industrial applications, completely updated in this new edition to cover all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot reverse osmosis systems. NOW AVAILABLE ... 

Fig. 2. The amount of PS II proteins accumulated in Euglena cells in the greening process. Dl protein. o ...

Fig. 3. Electron transport activity and accumulation of PS II proteins in thylakoid during the greening process of Euglena cells. DCIP photoreduction with DPC as an electron donor, o DCIP photoreduction with water as an electron donor. In the inset, closed and open circles show the amount of LHC apoprotein and the extrinsic 30 kDa protein in the thylakoid, respectively.

The use of styrenic block polymers to provide a critical level of cohesive strength or integrity for melt forming operations. The specific uses involve the "green processing of tire rubbers and the thermoforming of crystalline thermoplastics. 

In conclusion, the development of the green process of polymer nanocomposite foams in order to achieve significantly optimized lightweight materials, that is, with good mechanical properties, high surface quality, and excellent thermal and highdimensional stability, stiU requires a lot of future work. 

The experimental approach in most of the systems studied so far was to follow the greening process at different levels (ultrastructure, composition of membranes, development of activity) and try to establish a correlation between the different parameters observed which will lead to the formulation of explanatory hypotheses. The validity of the hypotheses can then be assessed by inducing alteration in the process at one level and studying the effect at the other levels. The use of protein and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors has so far been the method of choice. Cycloheximide was extensively used to block protein synthesis by cytoplasmic 80 S type ribosomes, while chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, and lyncomycin were used to inhibit protein synthesis by the chloroplast ribosomes. Actinomycin D and, more recently, rifampicin have been used as inhibitors of RNA synthesis. Initially, rifampicin was considered to be specific for the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the chloroplast. Although it appears that in some algae, such as Chlamydomonas and Acetabularia, rifampicin has a reasonable degree of specificity, its action against RNA polymerase of the chloroplast partially purified from plants was not found to be specific. ... 

The inhibitor approach, although useful, is limited, not only because of the considerations mentioned above, but also because of lack of specific inhibitors for the synthesis of the different lipids or for the process of assembly of present components into functional structures. Other possibilities for the alteration of the course of the greening process is to use—in different combinations—preillumination, intermittent illumination, light of varying intensity or wavelength. ... 

The greening process is accompanied by de novo synthesis of protein, as shown by pulse labeling with radioactive precursors and analysis of... 

Fig. 14. Difference spectra of C. reinhardi y-1 cells during the greening process. Difference spectra were calculated from whole-cell absorption spectra after normalization of the curves using the 665 nm absorption as standard. (For experimental details see ref. 38.)...

Additional support for the occurrence of a continuous reorganization process of the membrane components throughout the development can be found in results of experiments in which the susceptibility of various membrane peptides to tryptic digestion, carried out under controlled conditions from the outer surface of the thylakoid, was tested at different stages of the greening process. As shown in Fig. 26, peptides which were exposed to tryptic attack in membrane remnants of dark-grown cells, became protected, whereas others which were susceptible became resistant to trypsinization. 

Fig. 26. Changes in the susceptibility of different chloroplast-membrane proteins of C. rein-hardi y-1 to trypsin digestion during the greening process. Continuous line, untreated membranes dashed line, trypsinized membranes. Bottom membranes from dark-grown cells (1.4 fig chlorophyll/10 cells). Center membranes from cells greening in the presence of chloramphenicol (200 /ig/ml), chlorophyll content, 3.8 Mg/10 cells. Top membranes from control greening cells (14.1 Mg chlorophyll/10 cells). Note the change in sensitivity of peaks I, III, and IV. (For experimental details, see ref. 65.)...

After induction of the greening process in the light (LRG) the O2 evolution increased rather slowly up to the 18th hour (28 il 02/h 10 cells). Subsequently the recovery of photosynthetic capacity was strongly accelerated up to the 36th hour when 452 11102/ cells wete evolved. After 48 hours the photosynthetic capacity was again equal to that of normally cultured algae (519 il 02/h 10 cells). 

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