Th2-type immune response

Okada, K. et al., Phenytoin promotes Th2 type immune response in mice. Clin. Exp. Immunol., 124, 406, 2001. 

Jamicki A, Takao T, Thomas WR Inhibition of mucosal and systemic Th2-type immune responses by intranasal peptides containing a dominant T cell epitope of the allergen Der p 1. Int Immunol 2001 13 1223-1231. 

From these data it might be expected that removal of CD8 T cells would enhance IgE production and favour TH2-type immune responses. However, this appears to depend on the stage at which depletion is carried out. Thus, if CD8 T cells are depleted in rats (using the mAb OX-8) in which an IgE response had been induced, then the usual decline in serum IgE levels is prevented (Holmes etal., 1994). This supports the view that CD8 T cells suppress IgE. However, if depletion of CD8 T cells is performed prior to immunization, then the IgE response is not enhanced. Moreover, the IgE response is... 

T. spiralis Infection ameliorates experimental (dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid = DNBS)-induced colitis in mice, with a down-regulation of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in colonic tissue linked to an emerging Th2-type immune response characterized by high lL-4 and lL-13 production by spleen cells in T. spiralis infected mice (Khan et al. 2002). 

IL-12 is a heterodimic cytokine composed of a constitutively expressed 35 kD (p35) subunit and an inducible 40 kD (p40) subunit. IL-12 has been shown to enhance the abilities of NK cells, Thl cells, and cytotoxic T cells to produce IFNy. IL-12 stimulation of NK cells and Thl cells to produce IFNy results in inhibition of Th2-type immune response [39-40]. 

Type IVb. Corresponds to the Th2-type immune response. Th2 T cells secrete the cytokines EL-4, EL-13, and EL-5, which promote B cell production of IgE and IgG4, macrophage deactivation as well as mast cell and eosinophil responses. The high production of EL-5 leads to an eosinophilic inflammation, which is the characteristic inflammatory cell type in many drug hypersensitivity reactions (Pichler 2003). In addition, there is a link to type I reactions because Th2 cells boost IgE production by EL-4/EL-13 secretion. Thus, type IVb reactions may actually be involved in the late phase allergic inflammation of the bronchi or nasal mucosa (asthma and rhinitis), which were initiated by IgE on mast cells or basophils. Another in vivo correlate might be infestations with nematodes, eosinophU-rich maculopapular exanthema, or other T cell-dependent diseases with hypereosinophilia. 

In 2010, our group reported an ester analog of 2 [RCAI-80 (19), Fig. 21], which showed Th2-type immune responses in mice in vivo [77]. Its synthesis must avoid acidic conditions. Otherwise, the acyl group is migrated easily from the 2-hydroxy group to the 4-hydroxy one, and then the bioactivity diminishes, fri mice in vivo assay, 19 induced nearly similar extent of IL-4 secretion and a quarter of IFN-y top concentration in sera. Meanwhile, 19 did not show such a potent suppressive activity as 17 in EAE study. 

The glycolipids binding to CDld with low affinity tend to cause Th2-type immune responses. 

Mice with a selective deletion of the CC chemokine receptors 5 or 2 are protected from dextran sodium sulfate-mediated cohtis lack of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression results in a NKl.l + lymphocyte-associated Th2-type immune response in the intestine. Journal oflmmundogy (Baltimore, Md 1950), 164, 6303-6312. 

Andres, P. G., Beck, P. L., Mizoguchi, E., Mizoguchi, A., Bhan, A. K., Dawson, T., Kuziel, W. A., Maeda, N., MacDermott, R. P., Podolsky, D. K., and Reinecker, H. C. (2000). Mice with a selective deletion of the CC chemokine receptors 5 or 2 are protected from dextran sodium sulfate-mediated colitis Lack of CC chemokine receptor 5 expression results in a NKl.l-i- lymphocyte-associated Th2-type immune response in the intestine. J. Immunol. 164, 6303-6312. 

Induction of Th2-type immune response (IgGl/IgG2a > 1)... 

Figure 3 Role of costimulatory signaling via the CD28/CTLA4-CD80/CD86 pathway in the initiation and activation of the immune response, and the differentiation of naive ThO lymphocytes towards a Thl or Th2 phenotype. CD28-CD80/CD86 interaction in the presence of IL-4 promotes the development of a Th2-type immune response found in allergic inflammation, whereas costimulation in the presence of IL-12 or interferon gamma (IFNy) deviates the immune response towards a Thl-type response and the development of cell-mediated immunity.

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