Printing, textile

In other surfactant uses, dodecanol—tetradecanol is employed to prepare porous concrete (39), stearyl alcohol is used to make a polymer concrete (40), and lauryl alcohol is utilized for froth flotation of ores (41). A foamed composition of hexadecanol is used for textile printing (42) and a foamed composition of octadecanol is used for coating polymers (43). On the other hand, foam is controUed by detergent range alcohols in appHcations by lauryl alcohol in steel cleaning (44), by octadecanol in a detergent composition (45), and by eicosanol—docosanol in various systems (46). 

Locust bean gum and its derivatives are exceUent film formers and can be used either alone or in combination with starch as textile sizing agents and dye thickeners in textile printing, and as fiber bonding and beater additives in the papermaking industry. However, in most of these appHcations it has been replaced by guar. 

Magnesium acetate also has uses as a dye fixative in textile printing, as a deodorant, disinfectant, an antiseptic in medicine, and as a reagent chemical (see Disinfectants AND ANTISEPTICS Textiles) (6). In the United States, Hoescht-Celanese and Tennessee Eastman are the principal producers of magnesium acetate. These companies make about 36,000 t/yr, which is largely used in-house for the production of cellulose acetate. 

Melamine—Formaldehyde Resins. The most versatile textile-finishing resins are the melamine—formaldehyde resins. They provide wash-and-wear properties to ceUulosic fabrics, and enhance the wash durabiHty of flame-retardant finishes. Butylated melamine —formaldehyde resins of the type used in surface coatings may be used in textile printing-ink formulations. A typical textile melamine resin is the dimethyl ether of trimethylolmelamine [1852-22-8] which can be prepared as follows ... 

As solvents, the amyl alcohols are intermediate between hydrocarbon and the more water-miscible lower alcohol and ketone solvents. Eor example, they are good solvents and diluents for lacquers, hydrolytic fluids, dispersing agents in textile printing inks, industrial cleaning compounds, natural oils such as linseed and castor, synthetic resins such as alkyds, phenoHcs, urea —formaldehyde maleics, and adipates, and naturally occurring gums, such as shellac, paraffin waxes, rosin, and manila. In solvent mixtures they dissolve cellulose acetate, nitrocellulose, and ceUulosic ethers. 

Other dyes in this group are phthalocyanine compounds which stiU have commercial importance, particularly in textile printing. 

The term textile printing is used to describe the production of colored designs or patterns on textile substrates through a combination of various mechanical and chemical means. In printing on textiles, a localized dyeing process takes place, whereby in general the chemical and physical parameters of dyeing apply. 

The process of textile print coloration can be divided into three steps. First, the colorant is appHed as pigment dispersion, dye dispersion, or dye solution from a vehicle caUed print paste or printing ink, containing in addition to the colorant such solutions or dispersions of chemicals as may be required by the colorant or textile substrate to improve and assist in dye solubUity, dispersion stabUity, pH, lubricity, hygroscopicity, rate of dye fixation to the substrate, and colorant-fiber bonding. The required viscosity characteristics of a print paste are achieved by addition of natural or synthetic thickening agents or by use of emulsions. 

F. Jacobs, Textile Printing-Materials, Methods and Formulae, ChartweU House Inc., New York, 1952. 

See Dyes, application and evaluation for a discussion of exhaust dyeing, textile printing, and the various pad processes. 

Digital textile printing (DTP) DTP Direct discharge Korea Ozone/MF/RO... 

Chang IS, Lee SS, Choe EK (2009) Digital textile printing (DTP) wastewater treatment using ozone and membrane filtration. Desalination 235 110-121... 

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