Textile dying techniques

A review of current textile dying techniques found that, in most cases, manufacturers use the same dye constituents in differing ratios to impart different colors to their products. This practice facilitates computer-assisted production control. Most textile dyers use three dyes a yellow, a red, and a blue to produce the desired effect. Although there are numerous yellow, red, and blue dyes from which to choose, an individual textile manufacturer may use only a small selection to produce the myriad hues in his product line. Thus, the ability to determine dye-constituent ratios, as well as the actual dyes used in a coloring process, is virtually essential to definitively compare dyed fibers. 

The polymerization of 1 can be started thermically, with radicals, or by light [385,390,391]. However, since only oligomers were observed, those homopolymerizations are of academic interest only. 1 has been copolymerized with vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate [392], initiated by redox initiators in emulsion. Copolymers of this monomer are also available by hydrolysis of copolymers containing derivatives of 1-alkenylphosphonic acid, such as dichlorides [392-394] or diesters [395]. Copolymers are also described with acrylonitrile, acrylic amide, N-vinylacetamide, and N-vinylpyrrolidone they are particularly interesting for textile dying, tanning techniques and water separating membranes [396-399]. 

The colors in the Spiro textiles include a rose red, pink, yellow, grey, tan, and brown-black. King and Gardner (22) claim that die textiles were colored by some sort of resist dye methodology. Because pigments must have a binder to paint or coat fiber surfaces they could not have been die source for these colors if a resist technique was in fact the method of Spiro textile coloration. 

Key developments in both techniques in recent years, including chemical/molecular imaging, have resulted in a wider range of applications. Manufacturers and suppliers of both commercial and technical textiles are now exploiting these techniques, as ideal tools to aid the development and optimisation of die types of coadng/treatment demanded by industry and consumers. 

In this paper, two preliminary stages of die project are presented. Firsdy, the characterization of ceramides fiom wool fibres has been made, their cqubifity of forming liposomes has also been explored, and their benefits when they are topically applied have been assessed. Secondly, the methodology to follow their future application on textiles has been initiated by the use of a reference conqiouiid, the ethylhexyl methoxyciimamate (OMC) due to suitable analytical determination by HPLC (6) or by spectrophotometer UV-VIS techniques. The microciqisules widi OMC have been prepared by the industry Lipotec and their application on cotton has bear made by foulard. 

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