Textile Climate

Plate I Temperature distribution in a double-layered roof under solar radiation with 70% aligned and 30% diffuse radiation at constant ground temperature (calculated using Textile Climate, Laboratory Blum, FemScope). 

This process is very much used for ambient control in textile mills and, to a lesser extent, in greenhouses for vegetable production in hot, dry climates. 

Industrial state business climate, rating of, 19 523, 524t, 525t Industrial textiles, 24 623 Industrial thermotropic LCPs, 13 381-382 Industrial used oil, contaminant levels in, 21 424t... 

Sollinger, S., K. Levsen, and G. Wiinsch, Indoor Air Pollution by Organic Emissions from Textile Floor Coverings. Climate Cham-... 

Indoor air pollution by organic emissions from textile Hoot coverings. Climate chamber studies under dynamic conditions. Atmospheric Environment, 27B, 183-92. 

The New World was similarly active in developing the textile art. With help from the desert climate in the high Andes of Peru, dyed samples of wool have been preserved and... 

Sorption phenomena are well described and documented in the basic scientific hterature [1] and standard physical chemistry texts [2-4]. Indoor air researchers first reported extensively on adsorption to and desorption from indoor surfaces in 1987 at the 4th International Conference on Indoor Air Quahty and Climate in Berlin where Seifert and Schmal [5] reported the sink effects of plywood and carpet exposed to lindane and a mixture of 20 volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Berlin conference also provided data from two studies that examined the sink effect of textiles [6,7]. Finally, Skov and Valbjorn [8] reported on the seminal Danish town hall study. They concluded that sorption to and from large surface areas and fleecy materials was associated with lAQ problems. This work was followed up by Nielsen [9] at Healthy Buildings 88 in Stockholm, where he reviewed several studies on the importance of sorption processes on lAQ. Also in Stockholm, Berglund and her colleagues [10] provided an extensive hterature review and discussion of lAQ data leading to the conclusion that sink effects are important. They also provided the results of a study on adsorption and desorption in a ventilation system. Since then, numerous overviews have been presented on the importance of sink effects on lAQ [11,12]. 

Cationic fabric softeners are practically nontoxic by oral or dermal administration [3], Consumers with sensitive skin may suspect softener-treated fabrics to possibly cause adverse effects. Textiles in contact with the skin can have dermatological effects such as allergic reactions and irritations. Skin irritation, however, depends on many parameters such as textile properties, skin sensitivity, and conditions of exposure (e.g., duration, perspiration, and environmental conditions such as climate) [80],... 

For the end-of-Ufe phase of the product, two scenarios were analysed within the scope of this study. The best case assumed direct release of the carbon sequestered in the product. Regardless of whether the product had one or more users, if the use phase was 10 years or less, all GHG emissions were treated as if they occurred at the beginning of the assessment period (i.e. in the first year). This approach was consistent with that recommended in ISO 14067 (ISO, 2013). A worst case scenario assumed that the products were landfilled. In this case, anaerobic decomposition of wool occurred, producing methane as well as CO2. Methane has 25 times the GWP of CO2 (IPCC, 2007) and landfill disposal produced a higher climate change impact as modelled based on a textile landfill dataset (PE, 2013). 

Designing apparel for recreational snow sports is centred on keeping the participants thermal comfort within acceptable levels thus clothing has to act as a buffer between the varying temperatures of the environment and the micro climate at the skin textile interface. This balance is, of course, further complicated by the variation in heat output generated by flucmations in activity. 

The transparent elements of a fagade can be responsible for a high heat and light flux. Studies in both cold and warm climates have shown annual increases of 90 kWh/m and 200 kWh/m up to 150 kWh/m and 350 kWh/m when the window area was raised from 40% to 100% (Ghisi and Tinker, 2001). Textile materials can be highly transparent and their application should therefore be considered thoroughly with respect to their impact on operational energy consumption. 

In this chapter, applications of textile materials to buildings are compared with examples from nature to inspire, provoke new ideas, and develop further fields of implementation. We live in a world of fascinating nature that can and already has inspired mankind with many technical solutions. When we look at the living world, we might find models that can be mimicked to create and/or maintain a resource-friendly built environment (Pedersen, 2008). Creatures have evolved and refined their bodies to suit the specific climate zones they live in. Plants have increased the efficiency of how they deal with their natural environment from one generation to the next in order to adapt. 

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