Testing laboratories, changes

Field and Plant Tests Field exposure of test panels offers the benefit of a high degree of control over surface preparation and application. Moreover, through standardised exposure conditions, broader comparisons between both paint systems and locations are possible. More importantly, since replicates may be removed and laboratory tested periodically, changes in properties can be followed in considerable detail. At least four replicates should be examined for each exposure period to minimise the effects of atypical specimens. 

The greatest change in test laboratories in recent times, and rubber is no exception, is the improvements made to apparatus by the introduction of more advanced instrumentation and automation, in particular the application of computers both to control tests and to handle the data produced. These developments can and do influence the test techniques which are used and this is discussed in Chapter 2 Section 6. Also, whenever appropriate, comment is made on the form of apparatus now available for any particular test and there is a guide to test equipment for rubbers and plastics in a test equipment suppliers directory4. 

Table 3 PAC-ATLS Stand-Alone Analytical Testing Laboratory Site Changes... 

CDER FDA. Guidance for Industry, PAC-ATLS Postapproval Changes—Analytical Testing Laboratory Sites. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (April 1998). 

Companies seek to make their plants more efficient and cost competitive. New catalysts are screened, alternative feedstocks tested, and changes in process equipment evaluated to improve product quality and production economics. The risk of making changes in a plant without laboratory or pilot plant work is usually too great, although here are exceptions. 

The combustion tests were carried out in the combustion test laboratory of the R D Center of Oilon Oy cnqiloying a test furnace of 8 MW nominal capacity manufactured by TKH (Finland). The test furnace was cylindric, the inner diameter of the furnace being 2.4 m and length 5.2 m. A number of changes were made in the furnace during the combustion tests with pyrolysis oils. 

Change of proprietary name of medicine, transfer of applicancy, amendment of manufacturer/packer/testing laboratory, formulation change... 

Ecological effects data may come from a variety of sources. Relevant sources of information include field observations (e.g., fish or bird kills, changes in aquatic community structure), field tests (e.g., microcosm or mesocosm tests), laboratory tests (e.g., single species or microcosm tests), and chemical structure-activity relationships. Available information on ecological effects can help focus the assessment on specific stressors and on ecological components that should be evaluated. 

Guidance for Industry AC-ATLS Postapproval Changes—Analytical Testing Laboratory Sites... 

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