Plants field tests

One thing that will become quickly evident, as aptly stated by Matthews [10] is production plants are not test stands. As one pursues the task of getting an existing compressor ready for a field test, it becomes quite clear as to how true the statement is. 

The necessary steps are a lot easier to accomplish if the compressor installation is still on the drawing board. This author s best field tests were run on units where the instrumentation was installed during plant construction. Sometimes, as plants are going through revisions for other reasons, it is possible to add the necessary compressor test equipment. 

If not available and the driver is a motor, the local electrical engineers may be coerced into procuring accurate current (CT) and potential (PT) transformers to permit the use of watt meters. The everyday plant CTs and PTs aren t suitable for a quantitative field test. When having to solve a compressor s performance, one will use what is available, but only because it is expedient. 

The woven fabrics have various yarn patterns for different spacings between the yarn fabrics (Table 4-14). There is a wide variety of choices for not only the materials of construction but the tightness of weave and the size of the yarn. All of these factors along with the others noted earlier, make the selection of bag fabric an art that requires manufacturer s and plant s actual field tests. Woven fabrics have a low ratio of weave openings for yarn area and generally have a limited face velocity for air flow of about 1.5 to 3.0 cu ft/min/sq ft [47]. 

Nekosa, G. and Hanck, J., Laboratory and Field Testing of Platinised Titanium and Niobium Anodes for Power Plant Applications , The Electrochemical Society Meeting, Pittsburgh, Pensylvania, October (1978)... 

Field test work with technically pure gamma isomer of hexachlorocyclohexane has been extensive and involved and is being continued. It was necessary to know such factors as insecticidal value in field applications as compared to other insecticides, as well as residual life, residue from the poison standpoint, and residual taste or odor factors. These factors have been worked out on numerous crops and some of the results are dealt wTith in this paper. Because the pure gamma isomer was found to be effective on insects in the soil as well as on insect infestations on plants, its residual life in soil of all types and effects on tuber and root crops were also of major importance. 

Field test work with the chemical has consisted of many tests and a large number of commercial applications in both spray and dust forms. Insecticidal action has been satisfactory in all cases where materials have been properly applied. No toxic residue has been found on any treated plants or food crops, which include most varieties of crops. 

United States Department of Agriculture. USDA strengthens 2003 permit conditions for field testing genetically engineered plants. Available from http //www.a phis.usda.gov/lpa/news/ 2003/03/ gepermits brs.html... 

For pollen-allelopathic breeding, plants with tall growth habit and relatively large quantity of pollen should be selected (Murphy and Aarssen 1989). Pollen of these species could be artificially dusted on the stigmatic surface of other plants. This phenomenon is yet to be studied and field tested. 

The value of the extra chlorine recovered will pay for the membranes in about nine months. Addition of operating costs still gives an attractive pay-out. However, the base case for Table 7.4 assumes that nothing is done to handle the chlorine issuing from liquefaction. This is not an option. The real question is how the membrane process compares with the alternatives, and this is the subject of Table 7.5. The basis assumed is an 800 tonnes per day plant with gas composition 93.16% CI2,2.40% O2, 3.82% N2, 0.37% CO2, and 0.25% H2. The table covers costs only. Product values are highly sensitive to local conditions and are not included. In all cases, the membrane option is based on the field test in order to give the most reliable numbers available. Technological development will improve the case for the use of membranes. 

One plant demonstration, which began operation in August 1997, has been completed. The plant achieved an electric efficiency of 40% LHV. Ballard is in the process of securing plant orders to field test additional plants. Ballard expects field trials from 1998 to 2001 and commercial production of the plant with the characteristics listed above in 2002. Partners are GPU International, GEC Alsthom, and EBARA Corporation (15). 

Cotton dust sampling is a plant site test, normally involving unsophisticated field equipment, ever-changing plant conditions, and technician-level labor in performing many functions. However, with adequate equipment and attention to technique, we have found that good quality data can be obtained for each survey. The purpose of this paper is to share with you some of the instrumentation, equipment modifications and techniques we have studied and employed to obtain vertical elutriator (VE) data with average coefficients of variation less than 10%. 

A field test for the detection of TNT in contaminated soils (e.g., near ammunition plants) was based on the color reaction between TNT and alkalis (the Janowski reaction [7]) [26]. A few milligrams of the suspected soil are placed on filter paper and sprayed with 1 M NaOH acetone (1 1). A red color indicates the possible presence of TNT. Detection limits were reported to be 2-50 mg of TNT per 1 kg of soil, depending on the type of soil. The same group [55] used the oxidation of DPA in concentrated H2SO4 as the basis of a field test for nitrate esters and nitramines in soil. 

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