Testing evaporators Planning

EDS testing has resulted in adequate resolution of gaseous waste stream characterization issues, as discussed earlier in this chapter. The concentrated brine product from the evaporator blowdown stream has not been characterized, but this is planned. Solid wastes have been shown to be adequately decontaminated to a 5X condition. 

Reading the literature on mammalian semiochemistry over the past decade, a chemist is impressed by the enormous volume of biological information that has been gathered in well planned and meticulously executed studies of the modulation of the behavior of mammals by the chemicals released by con-specifics. One cannot, however, escape the impression that the chemical basis of many of these studies is lacking. Some of the problem areas were pointed out in the foregoing sections. To a certain extent there seems to be lack of appreciation of the diffusion rates of compounds with different volatilities and of the extent to which these differences can influence the outcome of behavioral tests. It is difficult to make an estimate of the persistence of semiochemicals that are released into the laboratory atmosphere or that are left on objects or surfaces in arenas in which tests are conducted. From what is known about the evaporation rate of some heavy compounds that are considered to be semiochemicals, it could take several weeks or even months for these compounds to be depleted to levels that cannot be detected by currently available instrumentation levels at which meaningful information could still be available to experimental animals. This then leaves the question unanswered as to when it would be safe to conduct behavioral experiments in a laboratory or arena that had been occupied by conspecifics. 

A brine reduction area, in which brine is evaporated and dried to salt, is a feature of the JACADS and TOCDF baseline system designs. The brine qualifies as a RCRA hazardous waste and can be shipped off site (after appropriate testing) and disposed of in a permitted TSDF. This is now being done at TOCDF, is planned at the other baseline system sites, and is the preferred alternative for the modified baseline process at Pueblo. The amount of brine expected over the life of Pueblo stockpile disposal operations is 14.5 million gallons (WIPT, 2000a, 2000b, 2000c). 

Management Tip Do not begin Lesson 6 until evaporation is complete. (This should not take more than two or three days.) Use the results from the evaporation test you set up at the end of Lesson 2 to gauge how long evaporation will take. Plan observation times accordingly. If evaporation was rapid, you may want to have students observe more than once a day. 

Until the EDS bioreactor test results became available, Parsons/Honeywell planned to separate biosolids from bioreactor effluents by means of a clarifier, followed by dewatering them and compacting them in a filter press. Drummed filter cake would then be sent off site for ultimate disposal in a secure landfill, in the same way as the dried salts (see next section). However, the EDS bioreactor tests showed that this separation step is not necessary (Parsons, 2000e). Therefore, bioreactor effluent containing the biosolids can be sent to the evaporator without ranoving the biosolids, which remain with the salts. Biosolids and salts are then disposed of together. 

Based on preliminary EDS results indicating low total suspended solids in ICB effluent, the sludge clarifier/ thickener might be eliminated. Off-site disposal of concentrated brine rather than dried salts would eliminate the need for the crystallizer and solids filtration steps. Off-site brine disposal would also be consistent with current operations at Tooele, Utah, and planned operations at Newport, Indiana. The basis for the currently designated materials of construction for the evaporator and crystallizer is unclear. If on-site crystallization is included in the final process design, a more extensive evaluation of the materials of construction will be necessary, including stressed-materials coupon-exposure tests. The dried solids from the crystallization step might be... 

The plan is to run the proton NMR, and then use your sample to obtain the infrared spectrum. Pour the contents of the NMR tube into a small test tube. Transfer a small amount of the CDCI3 solution to a salt plate using a Pasteur pipette, blow on the plate to evaporate the solvent, and then determine the infrared spectrum. Make... 

The research and development outlined in this monograph was carried out in close collaboration with industry and a wide range of products were tested, for feedback visit the Web site http //www.simsoftks.com. The case studies which follow demonstrate the industrial potential of this methodology the first one deals with the assembly planning of an evaporative humidifier as shown in Fig. 7.1 and the second one deals with the costing of a moulding tool. 

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