Testing, environmental paint

G. Chiavari, D. Fabbri, S. Prati, R. Mazeo, D. Bikiaris, S. Daniilia and Y. Chrussoulakis, Analytical pyrolysis application to the characterisation of Byzantine painting layers, Proceedings of 6th International Conference on Non Destructive Testing and Microanalysis for the Diagnostics and Conservation of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage (Eds M. Marabelli and C. Parisi), Euroma, Rome, 1999, pp. 1145 1162. 

The two candidate compounds are commercially available. These candidate solvents were purchased and tested in the laboratories of paint industries (Constantinou 2005). It was found that the solvent 1-methoxy-2-propanol was very successful in replacing Ethyl Glycol. When it was tested in larger amounts (under actual plant operation), it was also found to be equally successful. Consequently, 1 -methoxy-2-propanol replaced Ethyl Glycol very successfully, while at the same time making a lower environmental impact. This example highlights the breadth of the CAMD-based methodology in terms of its ability to provide realistic solutions which are theoretically consistent and practically applicable. 

It should be noted that ink and paint wastes may contain certain metals that make the waste FP Toxic. For more information, the readers are referred to the MSDS, to talk to the manufacturer or an environmental consultant, or have a certified laboratory conduct an Extraction Procedure Toxicity Test on the waste in question. 

Weathering is the ability of the colored system, i.e., the coating, paint, etc., not the pigment alone, to resist light and environmental conditions. Changes in color and gloss aie two main factors that are evaluated in weathering tests. 

Standard practice for testing and sampling of VOCs (including carbonyl compounds) emitted from paint using small environmental chambers... 

Chang et al. (1999) evaluated four USA low-VOC paints in small environmental chambers, in comparison with a conventional water-based paint. All low-VOC paints exhibited TVOC emissions over a 50-hour test period that were at least an order of magnitude lower than that of the conventional paint. VOCs emitted from the low-VOC paints were ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol,... 

The landfilling of paint containers with leftover contents is another environmental issue. In most jurisdictions these are not accepted in landfill sites because of their potential for contamination of the soil, so waste paint is normally collected at a special depot, along with other household hazardous waste. The paint industry has developed techniques for collecting paint from these waste depots, testing for contamination, and reformulating the paint into a usable product. 

Environmental chemicals were originally associated with cancer through experimental studies in animals. The classic experiment is to repeatedly paint a test substance on the back of a mouse and look for development of both local and systemic tumors in the animal. Likewise, the ability of ionizing radiation to cause human cancer, especially leukemia, was dramatically shown by the Increased rates of leukemia among survivors of the atomic bombs dropped in World War II, and more recently by the increase in melanoma (skin cancer) in individuals exposed to too much sunlight (UV radiation). 

There are special sections which deal with different production and processing technologies. Recommendations for each target application of a coating system are provided. Finally, special treatment of state-of-the-art paint testing, analysis, environmental protection, recycling, and toxicology is offered. 

Not later than 30 months after October 28, 1992, the President shall, after notice and opportunity for comment, establish by rule appropriate criteria, testing protocols, and performance characteristics as are necessary to ensure, to the greatest extent possible and consistent with the purposes and policy of this subchapter, that lead-based paint hazard evaluation and reduction products introduced into commerce after a period specified in the rule are effective for the intended use described by the manufacturer. The rule shall identify the types or classes of products that are subject to such rule. The President, in implementation of the rule, shall, to the maximum extent possible, utilize independent testing laboratories, as appropriate, and consult with such entities and others in developing the rules. The President may delegate the authorities under this subsection to the Environmental Protection Agency or the Secretary of Commerce or such other appropriate agency. 

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