Testing and validation

The financial support of the EU Commission to the in-plant testing and validation work packages, in the frame ofthe BRITE-EURAM Project 6056 "SIMON" is gratefully acknowledged. 

The methodology and the pigging tool has been tested and validated during a demonstration survey conducted on the Danish 107 kilometre 20 oil pipeline running from the West Coast of... 

What is certain is that elastomers can and do perform critical duties in engineering apphcations which function for many years in conditions that can be severe or hostile. The basic requirement is to select the right elastomer for the job—which in turn can mean to carry out the most appropriate design, test, and validation work before putting a component into service. 

The amount of in-house resources needed for system development, testing, and validation. 

Part of the confusion surrounding the model testing and validation process is largely because different meanings have been attached to the terms calibration, verification, validation, and post-audit in the technical literature. As a result of the Pellston conference, I have adopted the following relationship among these terms ... 

Thus, the process of model testing and validation (considered synonymous) should ideally include the steps of calibration (if necessary), verification, and post-audit analyses. I indicate "ideally" because in many applications existing data will not support performance of all steps. In chemical fate modeling, chemical data for verification is often lacking and post-audit analyses are rare (unfortunately) for any type of modeling exercise. 

The greatest need in model performance testing and validation is clearly the use of quantitative measures to describe comparisons of observed and predicted values. As noted above, although a rigorous statistical theory for model performance assessments has yet to be developed, a variety of statistical measures has been used in various combinations and the frequency of use has been increasing in recent years. The FAT workshop (3.) identified three general types of comparisons that are often made in model performance testing ... 

The use of statistical tests to characterize model performance has increased markedly within the last few years as demonstrated by the references cited above many other examples are in the literature. The current time is appropriate for integration of existing techniques into a unified framework of guidelines, procedures and quantitative measures for model testing and validation. 

The standard of testability (vulnerability to negation in the framework of a working hypothesis in the hypothetico-deductive mode or of simultaneous adjustment in the framework of Bayesian modeling) is probably the toughest standard demanded in science. Ideas as old as the monad are not necessarily tested and validated by repeated corroboration. Indeed, they may be untested and powered by inertia. Ideas which are testable are those for which there are alternatives otherwise ideas are either unnecessary or untestable. Since Dennett has already asserted that reductionism permits no alternative, monophyly as such would have to be untestable, but, before condemning it to the rank of scientific dogma, let me cite two cases in which monophyly was tested as the alternative to a different (polyphylic) hypothesis. 

Product Testing and Validation, Zymark Corporation, Hopkinton, Massachusetts, U.S.A. 

Research will be important in providing biomedical solutions to the disease itself. Research in such areas as the virology of HIV and the immune system will provide clues for possible therapies and cures. Epidemiological research may give us more information about how the virus spreads in populations and what kind of public health measures might be effective in controlling the disease. Finally, clinical research will test and validate new therapies for the disease. 

It is the purpose of this article to present in its entirety one of the early applications of reaction engineering, which was well under way in 1952 before the name Reaction Engineering was even coined. We will describe the laboratory kinetic experiments, the diffusional analysis, the integration of these phenomena into a mathematical process model, its field testing and validation, and subsequent use in process design, modification, control, and optimization. 

The results of numerical simulation of bluff-body stabilized premixed flames by the PPDF method are presented in section 12.2. This method was developed to conduct parametric studies before applying a more sophisticated and CPU time consuming PC JVS PDF method. The adequate boundary conditions (ABC) at open boundaries derived in section 12.3 play an essential role in the analysis. Section 12.4 deals with testing and validating the computational method and discussing the mechanism of flame stabilization and blow-off. 

The main objective of validation of an analytical procedure is to demonstrate that the procedure is suitable for its intended purpose. The procedures presented in this SOP provide basic guidelines for the validation of methods for microbiological assay, estimation of the number of microorganisms, detection of indicators of objectionable microorganisms, validation of preservative efficacy testing, and validation of the sterility testing and endotoxin test (LAL test). 

Automatized unattended production, withdrawing from scale-up experiments and, thus, a shorter development time for new specialties, with the aim of a shorter time to market. Manufacturing procedures can be simplified, validated faster, and the quality of granules, tablets and kernels, compared to common production, is equal or better. Different solids specialties have been tested and validated. 

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