Test method weather

Golorfastness. A variety of test methods exist for determining the fastness, or color retention, properties of dyed fabric exposed to various conditions of weathering, laundering, or general exposure associated with the end use of the product. The AATCC Technical Manual should be consulted... 

Test method for iron chip corrosion test for water soluble metalworking fluids Test method for accelerated weathering test conditions and procedures for bituminous materials (xenon-arc method)... 

Test method for effects of outdoor weathering on pipeline coatings Definitions of terms relating to corrosion and corrosion testing... 

PLASTEC s staff of specialists offers professional services in a wide range of interest such as packaging, electronics, deterioration (eg — weathering, microbiological, compatibility), new materials, composites, foams, adhesives, specifications, test methods, tooling and processing, etc. At the direction of DoD these technical services are available to the entire US scientific and technical community... 

Frostad, S., Klein, B., Lawrence, R.W. 2002. Evaluation of laboratory kinetic test methods for measuring rates of weathering. Mine Water and the Environment, 21, 183-192. 

Polyester polyols, 25 464 468 Polyester resin(s), 11 302 coating resins, 7 104-106 cyclopentadiene and dicyclopentadiene applications, 8 230 flammability of, 20 115-116 properties in powder coating, 7 43t standard test methods for, 20 11 It unreinforced, 10 187t weathering of, 20 116 Polyester resin-based powder coatings, organic titanium compounds in, 25 125 Polyester resin composites, 26 762-763 Polyester resin formulations ingredients of, 20 96t unsaturated, 15 511-512 Polyesters, 10 185-189, 497 12 655-656. See also Thermoplastic polyesters Unsaturated polyesters acid resistance of, 20 7-8 antioxidant applications, 3 121 aromatic ionic, 23 722 based on 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 12 674-675... 

A number of lightfastness and weatherability test methods have in several countries been developed into industrial standards. 

Very light and weather resistant systems require very long outdoor exposure times. In order to accelerate the testing of pigmented systems, test methods have been developed which simulate outdoor conditions. The evaluation of such a test is not only conveniently accelerated, but the resulting data are easy to reproduce and independent of location, climate, date, and time. 

ISO 9370, Plastics - Instrumental determination of radiant exposure in weathering tests - General guidance and basic test method, 1997. 

This test (ASTM D529) evaluates the relative weather resistance of asphalt used for protective-coating applications, especially for roofing. No direct measure of outdoor life or service can be obtained from this test. Methods for preparing test panels (ASTM D1669) and failure-endpoint testing (ASTM D1670) are available. 

Resistance to light and weather generally depends on the chemical composition, structure, defects, particle shape and size, and concentration of the pigment [1.53], However, these properties also depend on the medium in which the pigment is used. Testing is carried out by open-air weathering, accelerated weathering, and chemical test methods. 

The empirical tests described below determine the chalking and weathering differences between two pigments, but do not always give the true differences. Other test methods have therefore been developed, e.g., determination of mass losses on weathering (gravimetric test) [1.51]. 

Light Exposures. Silk fabric samples, 0.25 m x 0.17 m, were mounted in Atlas Electric Devices aluminum sample holders according to AATCC Test Method 16E-1982 (7). An Atlas Ci-35 Weather-Ometer xenon-arc was used on continuous light cycle. Exposures were conducted at an irradiance of 0.35 W/m2 measured at 340 nm and the irradiance was monitored and controlled automatically. Borosilicate inner and outer filters were used to simulate the solar spectrum. The relative humidity was maintained at 65% and the black panel temperature was 50°C. The actual fabric temperature during the irradiation was measured, using small thermocouples threaded into the fabric, and was found to be 35 C. Control samples for these tests were kept in the dark at 35°C and 65% RH for the same time period as the illuminated samples. 

There are other minor nonequivalencies of ISO test procedures compared to ASTM standards, but for color difference the ISO Test Procedure No. 105 is unique. Those who use Colour Measurement Committee (CMC) procedures—particularly CMC 2 1 Lightness to Color ratio—claim that it facilitates a uniform description for acceptability decisions that is better than any other system in existence. These equations permit the use of a single number tolerance, DEcmc, in a nearly uniform color space. The CMC formula is a modification to the perceptibility CIELAB formula. It is fully described elsewhere in this book, but it deserves some brief notice here because, after all, it is an ISO procedure. The CMC developed the basic British Standard No. 6923, Calculation of Small Color Differences. Soon afterward, in 1989, the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) adopted AATCC Test Method 173, CMC Calculation of Small Color Differences for Acceptability. Ford Motor Company indicated a preference for using CMC 2 1 ratio color difference for plastics weathering data for plastics interior trim materials. 

There are various accelerated light stability test methods available and/or exposure in harsher climates (Florida, Arizona) to test the weathering performance. The prediction of photoageing stability based on accelerated laboratory testing is very difficult, but some attempts have been made for PVC-P (445). The most relevant point is to use as reference a formulation known to have good outdoor weathering performance. 

---