Poly terpolymer

The influence of polyfunctional monomers—tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (TPGDA), TMPTA, TMPTMA, TMMT, and TAG on the stmctural changes of fluorocarbon terpolymer poly(vinylide-nefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) has been investigated [425]. The ATR-IR studies show that the absorbance due to the double bond at 1632 cm decreases both in the... 

Liu Q, Zou Y, Bei Y, Qi G, Meng Y (2008) Mechanic properties and thermal degradation kinetics of terpolymer poly (propylene cyclohexene carbonates). Mater Lett 62 3294—3296... 

Chen [4] prepared a bimodal terpolymer poly(ethylene-co-n-butylacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) that was converted into a sodium salt and used as a component in gold balls. 

Polymers are used frequently in paints and varnishes. These materials are usually filled with opaque materials and are difficult to separate or analyze by other procedures. Pyrolysis can be used to identify the nature of the paint, to measure quantitatively residual monomers, for quality control, and to examine additives [5, 13, 14]. Paints may contain a variety of polymers and copolymers such as vinyl derivatives, polyurethanes, phthalate polyesters, etc. Varnishes may contain various copolymers, siloxanes, etc. and can have a complex composition. This composition can be successfully analyzed using analytical pyrolysis. For example, the composition of a coating material consisting of the terpolymer poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate-co-ethyl methacrylate) crosslinked with butoxy melamine resin has been analyzed with excellent results based on various monomer ratios resulting from pyrolysis at 590° C [15]. 

In the case of a low content of a comonomer in a copolymer, the peak characteristics for fragment molecules generated from the comonomer or comonomer sequences can be very small. Since most pyrograms are very complex, with hundreds of small components, it is in many instances difficult to assign a particular compound to a low level comonomer. This is, for example, the case of the pyrolysis of the terpolymer poly acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-acrylic acid) dicarboxy terminated 18 wt % acrylonitrile, 2.4 carboxyl/molecule, CAS 68891-50-9. No peaks characteristic for the acrylic acid are seen in the pyrogram. 

Pyrolysis results for a terpolymer, poly(acrylonitrile-co-butadiene-co-styrene) high butadiene content CAS 9003-56-9, are shown in Figure 6.7.26. The idealized formula of the copolymer is [-CH2-CH(C6H6)-U-CH2-CH(CN)-]y(-CH2CH=CHCH2-)z. The pyrolysis and pyrolysate separation were done in the same conditions as those for other examples previously discussed (see Table 4.2.2). The MS was operated in EI+ mode and peak identification was obtained using MS spectral library searches only. The results are given in Table 6.7.16. 

Various copolymers and terpolymers poly(ketone)s containing functional groups (phenolic or phenyl ether substrates) were prepared using ]Pd(dppp)(CH3CN)2] (BF4)2 as the catalyst precursor [124, 125]. Using the same catalytic system meso-genic 1-alkenes were also copolymerized [126]. 

The triblock terpolymer poly(propylene oxide)-fc-poly[2-(dimethylami-no)ethyl methacrylate]-fc-poly[ohgo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate], PPO-fc-PDMAEMA-fc-POEGMA, was prepared using the PPO macroinitiator followed by the addition of CuCl, HMTETA, and DMAEMA for the polymerization of the second block and finally OEGMA for the synthesis of the final product (Scheme 54) [128]. 

Shozui, F., Matsumoto, K., Nakai, T., Yamada, M., and Taguchi, S. (2010) Biosynthesis of novel terpolymers poly(lactate-co-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvaleratejs in lactate-overproducing mutant Escherichia coli JW0885 by feeding propionate as a precursor of 3-hydroxyvalerate. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 85, 949-954. 

Poly(methyl methacylate co methyl a chlorometh acrylate (38%)) Poly(methyl methacrylate co acrylonitrile (11%)) " Poly(methyl methacrylate co indenone (50%)) Poly(methyl methacrylate co oximino 2 butanone co methacrylonitrile (15%)) Poly(methyl methacrylate co methacrylic acid (25%)) Poly(methyl methacrylate co methacrylic acid co methacrylic anhydride) IBM Terpolymer Poly(methyl methacrylate co Isobutylene (25%)) ... 

Another terpolymer poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) [P(3HB-co-4HB-co-3HHx)] was found to have better thermal stability due to the introduction of 4HB and 3HHx monomers into P(3HB) (Xie and Chen 2008). It has lower crystalUnity and better flexibility compared to P(3HB) homopolymer and copolymers. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-C( -3-hydroxyvalerate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-3HV-co-4HB)] also showed superior properties over those of 3HB and its copolymer (Madden et al. 2000 Chanprateep and Kulpreecha 2006). Table 2.3 shows the comparison of different types of PHA polymer. 

Another example of multicompartment micellar IPECs is the macromolec-ular co-assembly of the triblock terpolymer poly(Af,Af-dimethylacrylamide)- /ocfc-poly(A-acryloylalanine)-fetocA -poly(iV-isopropylacrylamide) or the diblock terpolymer poly(A,A-dimethylacrylamide)-fe/(9cA -poly(Ai-isopropylacrylamide)-stat-(A-acryloylvaline), interacting in aqueous media with poly(ar-vinylbenzyl) trimethylammonium chloride (PVBTAC) [76, 77], The authors demonstrated that interpolyelectrolyte complexation of such assemblies formed with PVBTAC within specific pH and temperature ranges makes them stable with respect to the disassembly induced by cooling below critical micellization temperatures. 

Synonyms ENB EPDM Ethylene-propylene-ENB terpolymer Poly (eth-ylene-co-propylene-co-5-methylene-2-norbomene)... 

Terpolymers Poly(styrene-co-methyl methyacry- 4-5 4-80 310-393 Acetone [50]... 

Carboxynitroso, rubber (tetrafluoroethylene-tri-fluoronitrosomethane-unsat. monomer terpolymer) Poly[(chloromethyl)oxirane] epichlorohydrin rubber (see also CHR)... 

The effects on dissolution inhibitors on the dissolution of a 193 nm terpolymers poly(norbomene-aZt-melaic anhyd-ride-co-acrylic acid) (p(NB/MA-20%AA) are shown in Figure 57.7 [39]. Again the dissolution rate of this 193 nm terpolymer is significantly reduced with the addition of the dissolution inhibitors. The effects of various dissolution inhibitors were attributed to the varied degree of the interactions between the base pol5rmer and the dissolution inhibitors. In these cycloolefin-maleic anhydride terpolymer systems, the position of the base soluble carboxylic group... 

Problem 12.5 Show how an ABC triblock terpolymer, poly(methyl acrylate)-f>-polystyrene-f>-poly(tm-butyl acrylate) (PMMA-fc-PSt-fc-PtBA), can be synthesized modularly, in a controlled manner, using ATRP and consecutive CuAAC coupling reactions. 

In semicrystalline dipole electrets, polar crystallites are present in addition to the polar amorphous phase (Fig. 2b). In die technically most interesting semicrystalline dipole electrets such as polyvinyhdene fluoride (PVDF) and its copolymers with trifluoro ethylene (P(VDF-TrFE)) (Lovinger 1983) or hexafluoropropylene (P(VDF-HFP)), odd Nylons 7 and 11, polyureas, polyureflianes (PU), and some liquid crystalline polymers, the crystallites are ferroelectric (Vasudevan et al. 1979 Hattori et al. 1996). The terpolymer poly(vinyhdene-fluoride-trifluoroethylene— chlorotrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE-CTFE)) has been shown to have relaxor ferroelectric properties as the CTFE group destabilizes die long-range order of the ferroelectric phase (Xu et al. 2001). 

The ratio of the third to the first vibronic bands (h/Ii) in pyrene fluorescence spectra depends on the polarity in the microenvironments where pyrene exists [27] 7,// values being larger in less polar media. A small-molecular model compound, PyPAm in Scheme 3, which possesses a substituent group similar to the Py label in the polymers, shows an /V/i ratio of 0.59 in aqueous solution, reflecting the polarity of water [28]. The copolymer of AMPS and PyMAm [poly(A/Py) see Scheme 3], a reference polymer for comparison, exhibits the same / //i ratio as that PyMAm in water [29], indicating that the Py labels are exposed to the aqueous phase because the reference copolymer assumes an extended conformation in pure water. In contrast, pyrene-labeled amphiphilic terpolymers poly(A/La/Py), poly(A/Cd/Py), and poly(A/Ad/Py) (see Scheme 3) shows /V/i ratios of 0.80, 0.83, and 0.76, respectively, all larger than that of the reference copolymer. This is an indication that the Py labels are buried in the hydrophobic microdomains in the unimer micelles in aqueous solution [22]. 

An experimental procedure for the preparation of a terpolymer poly(A/ Cd/ZnTPP), shown in Scheme 8, is as follows [81] In a glass ampule are... 

The AMPS-LaMAm-ZnAATPP terpolymer poly(A/La/ZnTPP) and reference copolymer poly(A/ZnTPP) (see Scheme 8) can be prepared in an analogous manner. 

Figure 32 2D-NMR spectra of terpolymer poly(2- C- -butyl acrylate-co-carbon monoxide-co-ethylene) (a) HSQC, and (b) HMBC. Reprinted with permission from Springer Science + Business Media Monwar, M. Oh, S. J. Rinaldi, P. L. etal. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2004, 378,1414, Figure 6. ...

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