Ternary system phase diagram influence

Ternary System Phase Diagram Determinations Concerning Potassium Electrolyte Influence on Aqueous Solutions of Dioxane or T etrahy drof uran... 

Aboofazeli, R., and Lawrence, M. J. (1994), Investigations into the formation and characterization of phospholipid microemulsions. Part 2. Pseudo-ternary phase diagrams of systems containing water-lecithin-isopropyl myristate and alcohol Influence of purity of lecithin, Int. I. Pharm., 106, 51-61. 

Systematic studies of the influence of the R group and the solvents on the stoichiometry of such reactions as Eq. (8) remain limited, although the Turova group has studied ternary-phase diagrams [M(OR)n, M (OR)n, and solvent] and proposed compositions for many systems. The Ba-Ti system is one of the best characterized and has shown dependence on the R group (0x0 compound with R = /Pr nonoxo compound for R = Et) as well as on the stoichiometry of the reactants ... 

The phase behavior of ternary and quaternary systems of the type water-oil-surfactant-cosurfactant is affected strongly by the addition of other components. Therefore, it is questioned how the solubilization of soil during the use of microemulsions as cleaning media in the washing process influences their existence region in the phase diagram and their solubilization power. To test this effect, the temperature dependence of the phase behavior of samples 10-28 (see Table 2) after their use in model... 

However, this phase diagram can apply only in a thermodynamic equilibrium for the ternary system of Ca(0H)2-H3P04-H20, and it shows only a general tendency under in vivo conditions where various different ions are involved. Furthermore, this relation is also considered to be influenced by the experimental conditions and the characteristics of the material used in the experiments. 

This study supports the assumption that the alcohol influences the phase behavior of oil-brine-surfactant system and its effect is related to the saturation concentration in the water-phase. On the other hand, the ternary phase diagram with a constant amount of the cosolvent seems to be more valuable for selecting microemulsion formulations than the pseudo-ternary representation in which both alcohol and surfactant are varied simultaneously. 

In connection with these experiments, data are presented on how the surfactant-brine-oil phase behavior is influenced by small amounts of a polysaccharide polymer dissolved in the brine. This polymer apparently complicates phase behavior considerably in principle a fourth axis is required in the phase diagram. However, in view of the approximate nature of the ternary representation of the surfactant-brine-oil system, we shall not attempt to draw sys-... 

Let us consider the influence of alloying a binary system with a third component on the formation of the diffusion zone in a ternary system [8, 9]. We analyze a case for an Al-Cd-Mg-hke phase diagram of a ternary system (Figure 9.1). In the phase diagram there are two sohd solutions rj (diluted solution of B and C in A) and a (unlimited solubihty of B and C in each other and the negligible solubihty of A in them). There are also two binary intermediate phases p (the solubihty hmits are c L id c j ) and y (with and Cgg, respectively). The intermediate phases are in equihbrium with the y-phase and the a-phase. 

At that boundary, the composition of the alloy BC shifts along the BC side. Indeed, if the intermetaUide requires different quantities of B and C, the initial alloy BC will become depleted of these components to a certain extent This, in particular, leads to homogeneity violation of the initial alloy of the BC couple, which in turn, causes fluxes in this part of the diffusion couple, and this influences the kinetics of the boundary movement When there are several intermediate phases on the phase diagram, the mentioned effect may cause competition between them. The failure of the two indicated modes may lead to the formation of the two-phase zone in the ternary system during the diffusion process the boundary concentration may appear to lie on different conodes and the diffusion path will not be able to bypass them. 

The influence of the hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) of the non-ionic surfactant on the phase behaviour has recently been studied [34-37] with the aim of better understanding the mechanisms of emulsion and suspension stabilization. Ternary phase diagrams for dodecane, water and mixtures of Brij 92, and Brij 96 (polyoxyethylated oleyl alcohol derivatives with oxyethylene chain lengths of 2 and 10, respectively), with a range of HLB values, are shown in Fig. 2.19. The areas of the L2 and the inverse middle phase M2 (an interesting feature of these systems not usually observed in polyoxyethylene non-ionic systems) increase as the HLB increases, reaching a maximum at HLB 8. Maximum water uptake in the L2 phase in 25 %, 40 % and 50 % surfactant solutions in oil as a function of HLB is... 

In comparison to binary block copolymers relatively little work on ternary block copolymers has so far been published. There are more independent variables in ternary block copolymers as compared to binary block copolymers. While in the latter only one independent composition variable and one interaction parameter exist, in ternary systems there are two independent composition variables and three interaction parameters. This leads to a richer phase diagram. In addition, the block sequence also can be changed, which introduces another tool to influence the morphology [165]. As mentioned before in the case of diblock copolymers, systematic studies of triblock copolymers became possible with the development of sequential polymerization techniques with living anionic polymerization being still the most important one. 

Phase diagrams of the Tb-M-P systems provide an opportunity to observe the influence of the M-component on the interaction in R-M-P systems. In Tb-Cr-P system no ternary compounds are formed, in Tb-Fe-P, 2 in Tb-Co-P, 4 in Tb-Ni-P, 9 and in Tb-Cu-P, 4. Since the differences in atomic radii and electronegativity of these transition metals are small, the main influence on the number of compounds formed must be the electronic structure of the metal. The number of compounds increases from Fe to Ni, moreover, these systems are characterized by forming isotypic (ST Zr2Fei2P7) or structurally related compounds (see sect. 2.4). The system Tb-Cu-P strongly differs from iron triad metal-containing systems no isotypic compounds are formed in the Tb-Cu-P and Tb- Fe, Co, Ni -P systems. 

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