Terminology, confusion

The solvent-excluded volume is the volume of space that the probe is excluded from. This volume is bounded by the molecular surface. There is some terminology confusion here, because some authors define the solvent-excluded volume to be the surface contained within the accessible surface. Additionally, the molecular surface is sometimes called the solvent-accessible surface, the solvent-excluded surface, or the solvent-excluding surface. 

The fourth and most interesting of the polymerization techniques we shall consider is called emulsion polymerization. It is important to distinguish between suspension and emulsion polymerization, since there is a superficial resemblance between the two and their terminology has potential for confusion A suspension of oil drops in water is called an emulsion. Water-insoluble monomers are used in the emulsion process also, and the polymerization is carried out in the presence of water however, the following significant differences also exist ... 

The denomination of odors was schematically related to two separate domains, both related to the memory stimulus of an event concomitant with the perception of the odor. One domain was based on an actual reference point that contains the odor vectors the other was associated with an odor stimulus based on imagination, ie, what image is evoked by the stimulus. With such a system, the final descriptive terminology used would more often than not be expressed in esoteric language, causing confusion and even communication breakdown. The work of Jaubert (1) was the origin of a more standardized descriptive system in the field of aroma description. 

There are differences in terminology on the meaning of risk in the pubhshed literature that can lead to confusion. Risk has been defined in various ways (CPQRA, 1989, pp. 3, 4). In this edition of the handbook, risk is defined as A measure of economic loss or injuiy in terms of both the incident likehhood and magnitude of loss or injury. Risk imphes a probability of something occurring. 

The large number of individual hydrocarbons in the atmosphere and the many different hydrocarbon classes make ambient air monitoring a very difficult task. The ambient atmosphere contains an ubiquitous concentration of methane (CH4) at approximately 1.6 ppm worldwide (9). The concentration of all other hydrocarbons in ambient air can range from 100 times less to 10 times greater than the methane concentration for a rural versus an urban location. The terminology of the concentration of hydrocarbon compounds is potentially confusing. Hydrocarbon concentrations are referred to by two units—parts per million by volume (ppmV) and parts per million by carbon (ppmC). Thus, 1 fx of gas in 1 liter of air is 1 ppmV, so the following is true ... 

There are several different flow terminology conventions in common use. The following discussion is presented in order to eliminate any confusion this may cause. 

A number of types of bituminous material exist and terminology is still somewhat confusing. The term bitumens in its widest sense includes liquid and solid hydrocarbons but its popular meaning is restricted to the solid and semisolid materials. The bitumens occur widely in nature and may be considered to be derived from petroleum either by evaporation of the lighter fraction under atmospheric conditions or by a deeper seated metamorphism. The purer native bitumens are generally known as asphaltites and include Gilsonite, extensively used for moulding, which occurs in Utah. 

These terms were coined by Otsu and Yoshida24 based on the similar terminology introduced by Kennedy25 to cover analogous cationic systems. Except for the case of the dithiuram disulfides and related species (Section 9.3.2.1), these expressions have now fallen from favor and are no longer used as a generic terminology. In this chapter, wc use the term initiator to denote alkoxyamincs in NMP and halo-compounds in ATRP despite the confusion this can create, especially when the process also involves added conventional initiators. 

The terminology used in the field of competitive protein binding procedures has become very complex and may be confusing for a newcomer in this area. It will therefore be necessary to define a few of the commonly used terms ... 

At this point, you may find that the subject of symmetry in a crysted structure to be confusing. However, by studying the terminology carefully in Table 2-2, one can begin to sort out the various lattice structures and the symbols used to delineate them. All of the crystal systems can be described by use of either Schoenflies or Hermaim-Mauguin S5mbols, coupled with the use of the proper geometrical symbols. 

Cometabolism merits, however, careful analysis since important metabolic principles underlie most of the experiments, even though confusion may have arisen as a result of ambiguous terminology. An attempt is therefore made to ignore semantic implications and to adopt a broad perspective in discussing this enviromnentally important issue. A pragmatic point of view has been adopted, and the following examples attempt to illustrate the kinds of experiments, which have been carried out under various conditions. 

There is some confusion concerning terminology used for drug delivery when control of drug release is discussed. Within this chapter we will use an empirical approach. When a drug-delivery system does not contain any design element (formulation or process attribute) that is included to modify either spatial or... 

Although there is the possibility of confusion in terminology when dealing with the applications of CA, since they are often applied to the simulation of processes that involve biological cells, we shall follow standard practice and refer to both the finite state automaton and the place in which it is located as a "cell."... 

Before you reach for that alcohol-free product, stop and consider the features that you expect and desire in your cosmetics. The class of substances known to chemists as alcohols is commonly confused with the consumer interpretation of alcohol. Knowing the chemist s terminology will help you select the safest and most beneficial formulation. 

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