Term Primer

Simple Primers consist of a housing (brass or copper cup) contg a primary mixture and parts, such as an anvil, or electrical bridge. They are used for igniting small arms proplnts by flash. For their description and cutaway views see next item (b) 

Description of primer-igniters is given under item (c) in Section 3, Part D 

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The annealing phase, during which the reaction mixture is cooled to 40-55 °C in the presence of an excess of two ODNs (termed primers ), each of which is complementary to one strand of the denatured template. During the annealing phase, the primers bind to the DNA faster than the template strands can reassociate, due to their high concentration and also to the second-order kinetics of association. 

The term primer is used to describe any liquid preparation used to modify the surface of an adherend. While there are some primerless systems, the sealants used in construction often require primers as the surface condition may be extremely variable (See Sealant joint design, Seaiants in doubie giazing and Selection of joint sealants). 

The original term "primer" implied a coating first applied to a substrate because it had a singular adhesive affinity for it and/or because it provided better adhesion for a subsequent coat than the subsequent coat could achieve if applied directly. A primer also functioned as a carrier for an inhibitor or for an anodic metal loading such as zinc, both of which will be discussed further in later sections of this chapter. 

Resistance to common aircraft fluids such as water, salt water, hydraulic fluid and jet fuel is determined by additional shear testing after exposure to these fluids. Since adhesives are typically only exposed at bond edges, are protected by secondary primers and enamels and are not expected to be exposed to these fluids (save for water) for extended periods, exposure time prior to testing is relatively short. Lastly, the adhesive is tested for propensity to creep rupture under load in standard and aggressive environments. This testing indicates whether the polymer is crosslinked sufficiently to resist long-term creep under low load. 

It is usual to define primers in terms of the principal inhibiting pigment e.g. zinc phosphate, zinc dust or zinc chromate, and the topcoats in terms of the binder, e.g. alkyd, chlorinated rubber, etc. This practice can be confusing, however, and lead to the selection of incompatible coatings. 

Popping" A term used to designate the heat treatment of empty or Fired small arms ammo cartridge cases prior to shipping them as scrap. This treatment is necessary to insure that no unfired primers remain among the cartridges... 

Glossary of molecular genetic terms (from Primer of Molecular Genetics internet site, DOE)... 

The terminology used in this research area is not well established in the chemical community while the term pheromone is widely known, semio-chemical is not. Nevertheless, chemicals used in the communication between individuals are correctly called semiochemicals recently the equivalent term infochemicals was introduced. These compounds can be further divided into pheromones, compounds used in communication between individuals of the same species, while allelochemicals serve interspecific communication. Most pheromones are releasers, i.e. they provoke a behavioral change in the receiver. More rare are primers, which provoke physiological changes. Allelochemicals can be divided into kairomones, which are advantageous for the receiver, while the emitter benefits from allomones. Synomones are advantageous for both the emitter and the receiver. 

Structure papers generally contain a lot of information that will be unfamiliar to the majority of non-crystallographers. This section is offered as a very brief primer on what some of the more important terms mean and their importance. 

There are four classes of pheromones. Releaser pheromones elicit immediate, behavioral responses. Primer pheromones elicit longer-term physiological or endocrine responses. Signaler pheromones act to provide information to the recipient. Modulator pheromones determine how a recipient organism will respond to a signal in a specific context. 

Primer pheromone a pheromone generating long-term physiological or endocrine... 

To further confirm the data, we performed Y chromosome PCR. The sensitivity of this method was 10 or 1000 cells detected in a total of 10 cells that were screened. Organs of female rats infused with male MSC were harvested at 24 hand at day 3 after infusion. Real-time quantitative PCR withY chromosome-specific primers showed amplification only in the lungs at 24 h after cell infusion (Figure 5), whereas kidney, liver, spleen, and bone marrow were negative, thereby further corroborating our results about a clearance of MSC from kidneys long-term. 

There is a need for an accurate assessment of the mechanism of cathodic debonding of thick adherends. This would contribute to better control over the selection of formulations resistant to attack. One of the objectives of this work was to develop an accelerated screening test. The screening test was used to evaluate the relative performance profiles of a number of commercial adhesives which were recommended for marine applications. It is hoped that a screening test such as this one could be used to isolate measurable primer properties which can be related to the long term prospectus of the primer, and the variability of this prospectus under permutation of substrate type or additives. 

The tag sequence is amplified from plasmid pTA-His that provides a flexible linker and a double (His)g tag. The two amplicons can then be assembled and amplified by using an upstream T7 primer containing the promoter plus Kozak sequence and start codon for translation. A T-term/ for primer is used downstream to amplify across the tag and linker. The resulting construct contains the gene, the promoter, and the tag (Figure 6.26). This is key to the technology for the construct is then used for cell-free expression of the protein. 

The number of independent variables required to specify the state of a mechanical or thermodynamic system. Degrees of freedom arise from the possible motions of molecules or particles in a system. (The term generalized coordinates is also used in physics to designate the minimal number of coordinates needed to specify the state of a mechanical system.) 2. The number of independent or unrestricted random variables constituting a statistic. See Statistics (A Primer)... 

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