Tephritid fruit flies

Drew, R.A.I. and Lloyd, A.C. (1991) Bacteria in the life cycle of tephritid fruit flies. In Barbosa, P., Krischik, V.A. and Jones, C.G. (eds) Microbial Mediation of Plantr-Herbivore Interactions. John Wiley Sons, New York, pp. 441—165. 

Recent Developments in Chemical Attractants for Tephritid Fruit Flies... 

Some problems presented by Tephritid fruit flies and the potential damage Which these fruit flies could do to our fruit and vegetable crops on the mainland of the USA are briefly mentioned. The role of attractants in population monitoring and control is also briefly discussed. Two potential Mediterranean fruit fly attractants are presented (+) — a-copaene, from... 

Nation J. L. (1981) Sex-specific glands in tephritid fruit flies of the genera Anastrepha, Ceratitis, Dacus and Rhagoletis (Diptera Tephritidae). Int. J. Morphol. Embryol. 10, 121-129. 

Armstrong, I.W., Hansen, I.D., Hu, B.K.S. and Brown, S.A. (1989) High temperature, forced-air quarantine treatment for papayas infested with tephritid fruit flies. Journal of Economic Entomology 82, 1667-1674. 

Stark and Sherman (1989) developed toxicity data for the 3 tephritid fruit fly species mentioned earlier after exposure to the organophosphorous insecticide, acephate. They found that the oriental fruit fly was the most susceptible species, followed by the melon fly and Mediterranean fly (Table 5.1). Although these are pest species, for this example I will consider them to be beneficial species and invent an EEC of 1 pg/g. Quotient ratios based on the LD50 and the above-mentioned EEC indicate that acephate poses a hazard only to the oriental fruit fly (Table 5.1). 

FIGURE 5.4 Dose-response curves for tephritid fruit flies exposed to acephate. 

Teranishi, R., R. G. Buttery, K. E. Matsumoto, D. J. Stern, R. T. Cunningham, and S. Gothilf, Recent developments in chemical attractants for tephritid fruit flies, in Allelochemicals Role in Agriculture and Forestry (G. R. Waller, ed.), ACS Symposium Series 330, 431-438, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC, 1987. 

The role of host-associated organisms in the orientation of parasitoids to potential host communities is of particular interest. One of the best examples is provided by Greany et al. (1977) who showed that, in rotting fuit, a fungus which is often associated with tephritid fruit fly larvae produces acetaldehyde, an attractant of the parasitoid, Biosteres Opius) longicaudatus. 

Greany, P. D., Tumlinson, J. H., Chambers, D. L. and Boush, G. M. (1977) Chemically-mediated host finding by Biosteres (Opius) Longicaudatus, a parasitoid of tephritid fruit fly larvae. J. Chem. EcoL, 3, 189-95. 

Nevertheless, if a lot of essential oils are repellent, some have been found to be highly attractive [10, 12]. The attractiveness of sandalwood oU, basil oil, and grapefruit oil in yellow sticky traps improved the number of trapped greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood [43]. Cade oU, an essential oil produced by destructive distillation of juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) twigs, synergized the attraction of alpha-ionol to tephritid fruit fly Bactrocera latifrons (Hendel) male [44]. 

Stocks can usually be sent by first-class mail. If sent internationally, a customs form declaring them as Research material of No commercial value may be required. Under no circumstances describe them as fruit flies, or else they will be thought to be Tephritid fruit flies and destroyed. Some countries (e.g., Australia) demand that an import licence... 

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