Tensions within

On heating PVC, as the glass transition temperature is approached, the tensions within the concentrations of like-poles may be released by atoms being pushed apart to an extent that some break from the polymer backbone, resulting in the initiation of dehydrochlorination of the polymer. Unstabilized PVC is known to start degrading at approximately its glass transition temperature [135]. 

PBR increases the inherent stability of PVC by acting as a nonpolar dispersant and reducing the undesirable polar tensions within the PVC matrix. 

Many of the risks associated with genetic testing involve the emotional, social, or financial consequences of the test results. People may feel angry, depressed, anxious, or guilty about their results. In some cases, genetic testing creates tension within a family because the results can reveal information about other family members in addition to the person who is tested. The possibility of genetic discrimination in employment or insurance is also a concern. 

Fountain pen inks are low in viscosity, exhibit a surface tension within small... 

Active stresses exerted by smooth muscle cells appear to increase the internal stresses that exist in vessel wall. The effects of passive and active muscular contraction on the residual stress in the wall have been considered. Their results suggest that basal muscle tone, which exists under physiological conditions, reduces the strain gradient in the arterial wall and yields a near uniform stress distribution. Increased muscular tone that accompanies elevated blood pressure tends to restore the distribution of circumferential strain in the arterial wall, and to maintain the flow-induced wall shear stress at normal levels. It appears that the active stresses exerted by smooth muscle cells may balance the tension within the vessel wall in a similar manner to the way that active fibroblast tension balances the stress in the dermis. 

The kinetics of Reaction (26) can only be discussed on a case-by-case basis. Consumption of GS via Reaction (27) should be in competition with irreversible dimerization or with reversible addition of oxygen (yielding GSOO ). Since mitochondrial respiration keeps oxygen tension within the low micromolar range, while intracellular GSH is in the millimolar range, Reaction (27) will... 

If there are tensions within the group you can use Brainwriting 6-3-5 to diffuse the emotional situation and encourage participation. 

So long as the proportion of carbon atoms involved in bonds with fluorine rmains small— in C4F it is one quarter—the aromatic character of graphite with plane carbon sheets is retained. Bonding of fluorine, however, certainly produces tension within the layers and this may be the reason for the low thermal stability. The carbon planes become puckered when, as in carbon monofluoride, the majority of the carbon atoms become involved in sp bonds. The fact that no further compound occurs in the region between CF0.28 (= Cs.eF) and CFo.es and that there is no continuous transition from the one compound to the other is in keeping with this view. For the monofluoride the most stable preparations are those which approximate most closely to CFi.o, as the puckered carbon planes are then free of strain. The further the composition deviates from the ideal formula the greater is the strain, as is shown by the observed increase in thermal instability with decreasing fluorine content. 

Two approaches are used to prevent precipitation of inorganics in the air stripper. A chelating system introduces an agent that binds with the inorganic material that would otherwise precipitate. Citric acid is often used to keep iron in solution as it passes through the air stripper. A second approach is the use of a sequestering agent that reduces surface tension within the system and thereby prevents encrustation. 

Lemery s use of mechanical explanations for chemical phenomena is, in fact, very restricted. Although he deploys a particulate matter theory throughout the book, using it both post and ad hoc to explain chemical processes, he actually talks exclusively of only two kinds of shaped particles - acids which are pointy and alkalies which are porous. This system is in marked contrast to that of Descartes who happily postulated shapes for a great variety of particles - smooth, round, straight, bent, branched, hooked, and helical - to explain the properties of everything from oils and salts to magnetic attraction.11 Moreover, Lemery s explanations based on the shapes of acid and alkali particles alone creates a serious, but hitherto unremarked, tension within his chymical system. For Lemery equally maintains the traditional... 

The family dynamics may be viewed differently by mother and daughter. Bulimic daughters are more inclined to have a negative perception of family function than their mothers (Bonne et al. 2003). Teasing by siblings, especially brothers can also add to tensions within the family and further promote the eating disturbance. 

To understand the physical process involved with effective cleaning, it is helpful to understand basic soap and detergent chemistry. One of the most common liquids used for cleaning is water. Water (HjO) has a property called surface tension. Within/throughout the bulk of the liquid water, the total force of attraction exerted by any one molecule of water on all its surrounding neighbors is dispersed spherically, in all directions. However, at the surface, where there are only occasional molecules of gases in the atmosphere and the very few water molecules that... 

Several nonionic surfactants, such as the alcohol ethoxylates, can also be used as wetting agents. These consist of a short hydrophobic chain (mostly Cjq) which is also branched, while a medium chain (PEO) mostly consisting of six EO units or lower may be used. These molecules also reduce the dynamic surface tension within a short time (<20 s), and have a reasonably low cmc. 

Tensile Strength at Break - The maximum load per original minimum cross-sectional area of the plastic specimen in tension within the gauge length when the maximum load corresponds to the break point. Measured according to ASTM D638. See also Tensile Strength. 

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