Tenera

Swift, E., Biggley, W. H., and Napora, T. A. (1977). The bioluminescence emission spectra of Pyrosoma atlanticum, P. spinosum (tunicata), Euphausia tenera (Crustacea) and Gonostoma sp. (Pisces)./. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. 57 817-823. 

Quinolizine alkaloids, including sophocarpine, matrine and sophoridine have been determined by GC-MS techniques in kuhuang, a traditional Chinese medicine (GC = gas chromatography) <2005MI967>. Similarly, GC-MS has allowed a phytochemical study of the quinolizidine alkaloids of Genista tenera <2005MI264>. 

The culture of edible seaweeds has a long tradition in the East. Particularly the red Porphyra tenera Kjelliman is the object of a large trade owing to a larger content of proteins, with a better balance of amino acids relevant to the human diet, than most other seaweeds. Certain marine... 

Coll, J. Skelton, B.W. White, A.H. Wright, A.D. (1989) The structure detamination of two novel sesquiterpenes from the red alga Laurencia tenera. Aust. J. Chan., 42, 1695-703. 

Maesa tenera Mez. Taiwan Sha Gui Hua (whole plant) Maesaquinone.58 Stomachache, hepatitis, lower cholesterol level, treat cold, headache. 

Conner, W. E. (1987). Ultrasound its role in the courtship of the arctiid moth, Cycnia tenera. Experientia 43 1029-1031. 

Fullard, J. H., Simmons, J. A. and Saillant, P. A. (1994). Jamming bat echolocation the dogbane tiger moth Cycnia tenera times its clicks to the terminal attack calls of the big brown bat Eptesicus fuscus. Journal of Experimental Biology 194 285-298. 

Seaweed Various sulfated polysaccharides extracted from seaweed (i.e., Nothogenia fastigiata, Aghardhiella tenera) inhibit the virus adsorption process. 

Takano, S., Nakanishi, A., Uemura, D., and Hirata, Y., Isolation and structure of a 334 nm UV-absorbing substance, porphyra-334 from the red alga Porphyra tenera Kjellman, Chem. Lett., 419, 1979. 

L. S. Mukai, J. S. Craigie, and R. G. Brown, Chemical composition and structure of the cell walls of the conchocelis and thallus phases of Porphyra tenera (Rhodophyceae), J. PhycoL, 17 (1981) 192-198. 

Vitamin B12 is synthesized only by bacteria and possibly some algae. There are no plant sources of the vitamin, and no plant enzymes are known to require vitamin B12 as a coenzyme. A number of reports have suggested that vitamin Bi2 occurs in some algae, but this maybe the result of bacterial contamination of the water in which they were grown. Nori, made from the edible seaweed Porphyra tenera, has been reported to contain biologically active cobalamin when it is fresh but, on drying, there is a considerable loss of the vitamin as a result of the formation of inactive corrinoids (Yamada et al., 1999). 

Yamada K, Yamada Y, Fukuda M, and Yamada S (1999) Bioavailability of dried asaku-sanori [Porphyra tenera) as a source of cobalamin (vitamin B12). International Journal ofvitamin and Nutrition Research 69,412-18. 

TABLE 4. Triglyceride Composition of Malaysian Tenera Palm Oil. ... 

TABLE 5. Triglyceride Analysis of Tenera Palm Oil (6) (based on saturation-unsaturation criterion). 

Oil—Bunch Ratio. The yield of oil depends on yield of fruit bunches and a further component, oil—bunch ratio. The oil—bunch ratio is the product of a number of components these are fruit—bunch ratio, mesocarp—fruit ratio, and oil—mesocarp ratio. The oil content of the fruit of young palms is low Hartley (17) stated that it increases steadily until the fourth or fifth year of bearing. However, Corley (22) reported that with tenera palms, an oil—bunch ratio of over 28% may be reached as early as 40 months after field planting. 

Phycoerythrin and phycocyanin were extracted from dried Asakusa-nori (Porphym tenera) and subjected to partition with an aqueous polymer phase system (Table 1) using the above standard countercurrent method. Fig. 4b shows the results of separation, where two components are well resolved. 

In summary, it is reasonable to assume that due to its small size and extreme rarity, Conocybe cyanopus is a species that is not a significant contributor to intoxications in Europe, nor is it likely to gain such prominence in the future. My own analyses of other, nonbluing Conocybe species, such as Conocybe tenera (Schaeff. iFr.) Fayod and Conocybe lactea (Lge) Metrod revealed the presence of physiologically inactive ingredients only. 

Wasserman et al. utilized an intramolecular imine-epoxide ring opening/cyclization process <88TL4973> to synthesize heterotropanes and substituted piperidines (Scheme 20). This methodology has been applied to the total syntheses of piperidine-based alkaloids (+)-teneraic acid <89TL6077> and ( )-solenopsin-A <88TL4977>. 

The variety cultivated in nearly all the world s plantations is the hybrid Tenera, which is the cross between the varieties Dura and Pisifera and gives the highest yield of oil per hectare of any crop. The economic efficiency of the oil palm is easily seen from the following simple calculation. Soyabean cultivation in the US, for example, gives a yield of about 2.5 T of beans per hectare (1 hectare is 2.47 acres), which then gives about 0.5 T of oil and 2T of meal. Taking the value of the meal as about half that of the oil, the total income to the farmer is equivalent to E5 T of oil. In South East Asia, the oil palms yield about 4 T of palm oil, plus 0.5 T of PKO, plus 0.5 T of palmkemel meal (PKM), with income equivalent to 4.5 T of oil. 

Katayama reported volatiles of some air-dried green marine algae at the early stages of gas chromatography (GC) development (3). In recent years, we have explored volatile compounds in fifty or more species of wet and undecomposed seaweeds in Japan green seaweeds Ulva pertusa. Monostroma nitidum, and Enteromorpha clathrata brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica and Undaria pinnatifida, and red seaweeds Porphyra tenera and Porphyra yezoensis by GC and GC-mass spectrometry (MS). 

UP Ulva pertusa, ES Entermoropha clathrata, LA Laminaria angustata var. longissima, U Laminaria japonica PT Porphyra tenera, PY Porphyra yezoensis. not detected, + detected, ++ major component... 

With the great thalli of the red seaweeds, P. tenera and P. yezoensis, fatty aldehydes such as, n-pentadecanal, (E, Z)-2, 6-nonadienal, and ( )-2-nonenal (Table... 

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