Temporal dimension

The spatial and temporal dimensions provide a convenient quantitative characterization of the various classes of large time behavior. The homogeneous final states of class cl CA, for example, are characterized by d l = dll = dmeas = dmeas = 0 such states are obviously analogous to limit point attractors in continuous systems. Similarly, the periodic final states of class c2 CA are analogous to limit cycles, although there does not typically exist a unique invariant probability measure on... 

The stimulation method could not address the role of the elaboration areas and the study of brain damaged patients or lesion studies of animals is hampered by the lack of temporal resolution. What is needed for another wave of reverse engineering, then, is the ability to stimulate the brain while it is doing something, or to be able to reversibly disrupt its functioning to give the lesion method a temporal dimension. The story of how we are able to achieve both of these takes us back to Faraday.. . . ... 

I offer a different and complementary perspective on units which accommodates developmental processes explicitly and which articulates the intimate relationship between units of hereditary transmission and developmental expression. I argue that a process perspective on the temporal dimension of the transition problem, focusing on the propagation of developmental capacities, is a helpful addition to the spatial and functional perspectives. Reproduction is the process that, in general, forms the basis for evolution at a level and also for evolutionary transition to new levels. Processes of inheritance and replication can be understood as special cases of reproduction. In order to formulate a view of how processes of development and hereditary propagation are intertwined in reproduction, let us consider development further. 

If a model is based on incorrect assumptions then the output cannot reflect reality. Therefore, it is essential to make explicit all assumptions and settings used in defining the scenarios, e.g., spatial and temporal dimensions... 

Events and experiences happen at a certain time in a certain place. The naive view of this situation is that we simply perceive the spatial and temporal dimensions of real events. A more sophisticated analysis shows that space and time are experiential constructs that we have used to organize sensory stimuli coming to us. Because the organization has been so often successful for dealing with the environment, we have come to believe that we are simply perceiving what is "out there," rather than automatically and implicitly imposing a conceptual framework on what comes in to us. Ornstein 47 illustrates this in considerable... 

Temporal Dimensions of Soils as Sources or Sinks of Carbon 251... 

One of the emerging promises of chemical imaging is reversing the direction of information transfer. Many of the same approaches that are used to gather information at high resolution in spatial and temporal dimensions can also be used to control or manipulate chemical systems with similar spatial or temporal... 

The structure of Aristotelian extension can be captured first by characterizing a richer structure (arguably latent in common sense) and then by abstracting certain features from that structure. Let us begin, therefore, by appealing to a four-dimensional structure M of points.6 The four dimensions are the three spatial dimensions and the temporal dimension. To give the structure a temporal dimension it is natural and in accord with Aristode s own view of time to suppose that for any two points, p and q, within M there is a well-defined interval of time. As a result, for any point p there will be a set of points simultaneous with p. With these stipulations, the structure M can be thought of as stratified into a succession of instantaneous three-dimensional spaces called hyper-planes of simultaneity each of which bears determinate temporal relations to all the other such spaces in the manifold. 

Therefore the firing rate of ORNs is not an exact reflection of the dynamics of odor pulses. More importantly, the temporal correlation of firing with odor concentration differs between ORN classes and between odors that stimulate the same class. This suggests a temporal dimension to the odor code at the level of the ORN population. Getz and Akers (1997) calculated that the information content of the phasic period of ORNs is much higher than the tonic period suggesting odor quality can be assessed relatively fast and is not dependent on the duration of odor pulses. In addition to the instantaneous pattern of activity across ORNs, the comparison of on-off dynamics between ORN classes may also contain information. 

Iterative algorithms are clearly less precise than single-application techniques, but their great advantage is that they introduce the time dimension in the computation, and this makes them particularly suitable to simulate biological processes. Even more important is the fact that the temporal dimension allows us to reconsider the problem of the minimum number of projections that are required for a complete reconstruction. During an iterative procedure, we could discover properties of the original structures that were not recorded in the projections, and in this case we could obtain a reconstruction even if... 

The final component of the conceptual model is the temporal dimension whereby we shift from exposure near the point of chemical use and release to exposure through our food supply via environmental pathways. We postulated this for PCBs but lacked data on human exposure during peak usage. However, we are now in the midst of this shifting temporal trend for PBDEs. The temporal trends for PBDEs are discussed in Chapter 2. 

Now fill in the past and future boxes to the left and right of the center box. Don t limit yourself to just the immediate past or future. Instead, experiment with defining this temporal dimension in more than one way by asking ... 

After filling in the Nine Windows grid, reassess the innovation opportunity to determine if you should focus your efforts at the system, subsystem or super-system level, and in which temporal dimension. 

Veizer J. (1988c) Solid Earth as a recycling system temporal dimensions of global tectonics. In Physical and Chemical Weathering in Geochemical Cycle (eds. A. Lerman and M. Meyback). Reidel, Dordrecht, pp. 357-372. 

Events and experiences happen at a certain time in a certain place. The naive view of this situation is that we simply perceive the spatial and temporal dimensions of real events. A more sophisticated... 

To define a suitable measure of exploitation that includes this temporal dimension, let us set t = 1 today and and for the consumption made possible at time (in the future for workers and capitalists respectively by one unit of labour today. We then define... 

Fig. 2 Systems and dynamical medicine for holistic care the integration of the spatial and temporal dimensions...

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